美國駐華法院適用法源研究－－基於羅炳吉《治外法權案例集》的考察

Legal Sources of United States Court for China: Based on Extraterritoriality Cases

以西方職業法官模式建構的美國駐華法院，在數以千計涉及中外交涉案件的審判中堅持以法律規則作為先導的基本理念，宣導以法定罪而非簡單包庇偏袒本國人的司法理念，在上海租界的西方司法機構中卓爾不群，頗具特色。在照准美國聯邦法案為本、依循普通法原則為用、兼采“阿拉斯加地區及哥倫比亞特區法典”等國會特別法案以及糅合基本章程、法學家著述、中國法法律規範的過程中，美國駐華法院將西方職業司法的特性漸次表徵。在此種意義上，具體案件的審判實際上還蘊含著西方法治的傳輸。

United Stated Court for China, which constructed by the western professional judicial system, acts outstanding among those judicial institutions in Shanghai Settlement by adhere the basic principles of rule by law and follow the judicial philosophy of sentence according to the law rather than bias in favor of domestic. In accordance with the follows, such as comply with American law, common law principles, congress special acts of Alaska and Columbia District, regulations, legal scholars writings and Chinese law, this special court turns the western professional judicial characteristics into Chinese reality. During this process, the judgment of specific cases involves transmission of western rule of law.