“以審判為中心”的改革及其限度

The Reform toward “Proceedings Centered on Trial” and Its Limits

“以審判為中心”要求偵查、起訴活動面向審判、服從審判，同時發揮審判在認定 事實、適用法律上的決定性作用。此項要求體現司法規律，有利於克服固有弊端，實現司法公正，但其受到三機關配合、制約原則、檢察監督制度，以及政治性領導、監督和協調制度約束，從而被形塑為“技術型審判中心論”。可操作的改革包括控訴、審判和訴訟程序“三個面向”，即控方證明責任的有效履行、法院審判的嚴格把關，以及庭審實質化。“以審判為中心”的邏輯延伸，含法律適用的和程序監控的審判中心，要求確立法院司法解釋的權威性與獨立性，以及強制偵查的司法審查和司法救濟。落實“以審判為中心”，需採取必要工作措施，實現“三個面向”要求；逐步推進法律適用和程序監控的審判中心；推進司法體制和司法權運行機制改革；以務實的態度和適當的方式，向刑事司法的“線型結構”發起衝擊。

Proceedings centered on trial require all investigative and prosecutorial work serve the need of court trial. Meanwhile, court trial should play a decisive role in the finding of facts and the application of laws. This requirement is consistent with judicial rules, it can help solve existing problems and realize judicial justice. However, due to the special relationship between the investigative, prosecutorial and trial organs (division of functions and mutual restriction), legal supervision by the procuratorates, and the leading and coordination mechanism, our proceedings is only 'technically centered on trial'. An operable reform should involve prosecution work, trial work and proceedings, which demands the efficient implementation of the burden of proof by prosecutors, strict checks by trial courts, and the materialization of court trial. The connotation of a procedure centered on trial logically extends to the applicaiton of laws and the control of procedure. We should establish the authority and independence of judicial interpretation by the courts, and the judicial review of and remedies for forcible investigation. To establish proceedings centered on trial, we need to take necessary steps to meet the following three requirements: gradually center trial organs in the applicaiton of laws and the control of procedure, reform the existing judicial system and the operational mechanism of judicial power, take practical and proper measures to break the 'inear structure' of our judicial system.