佔有概念的規範本質及其展開

On Normative Nature of Concept of Possession

刑法中的佔有並非描述性的概念，而是規範性的概念。它所揭示的並非單純的占有事實本身，而是隱藏於佔有事實背後的社會關係，以及與此相關的規範保護目的－－刑法對於事實上的平和狀態的保護。事實性的佔有概念雖然可以解釋佔有事實本身，卻無法體現相應的社會關係，也無法反映刑法針對佔有所設定的規範保護目的，規範性的佔有概念則可以克服這些不足。規範性的占有概念強調的是一種基於社會觀念而產生的空間支配關係（分配領域），其理論基礎為基於社會規範對財物所作的分配、空間禁忌理論以及刑法中的相對明確性原則。在規範性的占有概念中，分配領域屬於判斷占有存否的核心要素。規範性的占有概念能夠為各種占有問題提供統一而強大的解釋力，可以更為及時有效地回應社會現實中的新型案件。

The possession in criminal law is not a descriptive concept but a normative one, which reveals not only the fact of possession itself, but also the social relationships behind the fact, and the protection purpose of the norm-the protection of de facto placid situation of criminal law. Although the concept of actual possession can explain the fact of possession itself, it fails to present the corresponding social relationships, nor can it reflect the protection purpose of the norm set specifically by criminal law. However, the normative possession concept is able to conquer these disadvantages. The normative possession concept emphasizes on the relationship of space dominance (area of distribution), which comes into existence from notions of society. The theoretical foundation of this relationship is based on the distribution of property made by social norms, the space taboo theory, and the principle of relative clarity in criminal law. The normative possession concept could offer unified and strong explanatory power in terms of all kinds of possession questions. In the meantime, it can also respond to the new types of criminal cases more promptly and effectively.