美國與香港職能發展經驗及其對我國美容美髮職能基準發展之意涵

A Study on the Experiences of Occupational Competency Standard Development in America and Hong Kong and Its Implications for Hairdressing & Beauty Industry in Taiwan

本研究旨在探討我國美容美髮職能基準發展的可行途徑，期能有效掌握美容美髮產業從業人員的能力需求，使美容美髮人力培育與產業需求接軌，有效改善學用落差問題。本研究採用文獻分析及焦點團體訪談法。首先，分析並歸納美國、香港與臺灣的美容美髮職能發展方式與內涵，再進行焦點團體訪談，以學術及產業的觀點進行討論，分析我國美容美髮適用之職能基準發展可行途徑。研究結果發現：美國、香港與臺灣的美容美髮職能發展方式與內涵互異且各具特色。我國技專校院美容美髮學生的職場專業能力無法符合產業需求的原因，主要是學校不清楚產業的職能需求、學生缺乏專業技能的精熟練習與深度實習。至於，我國美容美髮職能基準發展的可行途徑，宜採行美國技能標準的發展方式，以及參考香港單元能力的分級內涵。

The paper aims to explore the feasible ways of Occupational Competency Standard (OCS) for hairdressing & beauty industry in Taiwan， and expects to effectively master the competency demands for the industry and the staff to improve the gap between learning and practicing， so as to make the talents training in line with the industrial requirements. With the method of literature review and focus group interview， it first analyzed and classified relevant data about the development ways and implications of OCS for hairdressing & beauty industry in United States of America and Hong Kong， and then focus group was conducted to discuss from the perspectives of both academic and industrial circles， so as to analyze the feasible ways of OCS development applicable to the same industry in Taiwan. The results show that the development ways and implications of OCS in the USA， Hong Kong and Taiwan are unique from each other. The mismatch of students' professional abilities and the needs of hairdressing & beauty industry is due to the status quo that technological and vocational schools in Taiwan are not clear about the demands for the competency of industry， combined with the lack of professional skills training and intensive practice in students. Therefore， the feasible ways of OCS development for hairdressing & beauty industry in Taiwan should adopt the development pattern of American skill standards and take Hong Kong classification mode for reference.