性騷擾經驗與憂鬱之關係—創傷反應作為中介因子及性別為調節變項

The Relationship between Sexual Harassment Experiences and Depression: Traumatic Reaction as Mediator with Gender as Moderator

本研究旨在探討大學生性騷擾經驗與憂鬱、創傷反應間之關係，以及性別的影響。研究資料蒐集以 問卷調查為主，問卷中除了個人基本背景資料外，包含性騷擾經驗量表、貝克憂鬱量表、創傷後心 理指標量尺。有效問卷682 份，其中480 位曾遭受過性騷擾，研究分析以此480 位之性騷擾經驗為 主（男性146 人，女性334 人）。資料分析結果顯示，大學生性騷擾經驗的結構與國外常用的性騷擾 經驗量表之結果相似，國內除了性強制、性別騷擾、不受歡迎性注意三因素外，還多了肢體騷擾因 素；其中，女性在「不受歡迎的性注意」經驗顯著多於男性，其他的性騷擾經驗則男女無顯著差異。 女性遭遇性騷擾次數越多，創傷反應及憂鬱症狀就顯著地越高，男性則未出現此顯著效果，顯示性 別是性騷擾經驗與憂鬱、創傷反應間的調節因子。進一步分析也指出，女性的一般性騷擾經驗會透 過創傷反應的完全中介而影響憂鬱症狀之出現；較嚴重之性強制騷擾對憂鬱症狀會有直接之影響， 創傷反應則只有部分中介效果，男性則否。總之，女性遭遇性騷擾之後，比男性更易與創傷反應產 生關聯，也易因創傷反應未妥善處理，而對憂鬱有一定程度的影響。

This study aims to investigate the relationship between sexual harassments experiences (SHE)， depression， and traumatic reaction of college students in Taiwan， and the influences of gender on SHE and their relation with depression or traumatic reaction. Data were collected through a questionnaire including participants’ demographic information， Sexual Harassment Questionnaire (SHQ)， BDI-II and Posttraumatic Stress Reaction Index (PTSDRI). Among 682 valid questionnaires， 480 college students (146 males and 334 females) reported that they have been sexually harassed， and these cases would be used for data analysis later. The results showed that the factor structure of SHE for Taiwanese college students was similar to that found in Western society. In addition to sexual coercion， gender harassment， and unwanted sexual attention factors， the Taiwanese sample had an additional physical harassment factor. Among these factors， females experienced significantly more unwanted sexual attention than males， but there were no significant sex differences for all other factors. Furthermore， females reported more traumatic reaction and depressive symptoms， but this was not the case for males who experienced more SHE. Therefore， gender is a moderator between SHE and traumatic reaction as well as between SHE and depressive symptoms. Moreover， path analysis showed that traumatic reaction completely mediated the association between SHE and depressive symptoms for Taiwanese female college students， while the mediation effect was not found for Taiwanese male students. Hence， females are more likely to develop traumatic reaction than males after experiencing SHE; and if the traumatic reaction was not properly treated， depression would follow.