兩岸教育交流合作之政策展望

Policy Prospects for Cross-Strait Education Exchanges and Cooperation

兩岸教育交流肇因於台灣1987年開放探親和1992年公布《台灣地區與大陸地區人民關係條例》。使得兩岸教育交流由不開放、不宜開放，發展為開放、交流、承認學歷、擴大交流及合作辦學。2006年大陸宣布承認台灣全部高等教育的學歷，是為「倡議期」開始。2008年兩岸教育交流急速發展，2010年台灣修正公告《兩岸人民關係條例第22條》、《大學法第25條》、《專科學校法第26條》，承認大陸學歷並開放陸生來台，為兩岸教育交流「突破期」。2012年後兩岸擴大學歷採認、高教招生、合作辦學、擴大交換學生及師資交流、兩岸雙聯學制、乃至研簽兩岸教育交流合作協議等，均進行廣泛的政策探討，是為「開展期」。展望未來兩岸教育交流與合作進入「深化期」，且與2016年台灣總統選舉後兩岸關係的變化，有直接且實質的影響關係。

Cross-Strait educational exchanges were made possible with the lifting of restrictions on visits to the mainland in 1987， and by the passing of ＂Regulations Governing the Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the People of the Mainland China Area＂ in 1992. The Cross-Strait educational exchanges have gone through various phases， from no contact and avoidance of contact to open access， open exchanges， mutual recognition of qualifications， and the encouragement of exchange and collaboration. In 2006， China announced its full recognition of higher education qualifications issued by Taiwan， which was known as the beginning of the ＂initiative period.＂ In 2008， the rapid development of Cross-Strait educational exchanges reached a remarkable peak. In 2010， Taiwan made modifications to ＂Article 22 of Regulations Governing the Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the People of the Mainland China Area＂， ＂Article 25 of University Law＂， and ＂Article 26 of Junior College Law，＂ and officially recognized academic credentials issued by China. Concurrently， students from China were allowed to study in Taiwan. This was the ＂breakthrough period＂ of Cross-Strait educational exchanges. Since 2012， both Taiwan and Mainland China have thoroughly reviewed their policies and discussed the possibility of expanding recognition of qualifications， higher education enrollment， educational collaborations， student and faculty exchanges， Cross- Strait Joint Dual Degree Programs， and the signing of a Cross-Strait Education Cooperation Agreement， among other issues. This is referred to as the ＂expansion period＂. Looking into the future， Cross-Strait education exchanges and collaboration will enter a ＂reinforcement period＂， over which the possible political climate change after the 2016 Taiwan presidential election will have a direct and substantive impact.