家庭環境因素對於青少年藥物濫用之影響－－一個後設分析研究

The Impact of Family Factors on Adolescent Drug Use--A Meta-analytic Approach

本研究報告是以美國本土青少年為對象，共蒐集32篇相關論文，進行後設分析青 少年藥物濫用與家庭環境之間的關係。研究結果如下：1.以家庭結構(family structure)而言，共有下列的變項對青少年藥物溢用的機率具有顯著增進的作用。即：家庭是屬於高社經地位（含：家庭收入和父母教育程度）、父母死亡或父母不與青少年住在一起、家庭有藥物濫用者（如：父母或兄弟姊妹）、單親家庭者。只有兄弟姊妹是藥物濫用者對青少年的影響具有中等效果值，其餘的影響力，只具有小的效果值(effect size)。2.以家庭關係(family relations)而言，令人訝異的是民主家庭(democratic family)的青少年卻具有較高濫用藥物的機會，此發現異於一般人認為民主家庭會刪減青少年濫用藥物的機會；相對地，權威家庭(authoritarian family)與藥物濫用青少年之間不具顯著的正相關。然而放縱家庭(permission family)卻能昇高青少年濫用藥物的機率。總之，在所有家庭環境的變項中，兄弟姊妹的影響力最大，所以，兄弟姊妹對青少年不良影響力是未來防患青少年使用藥物的重點之一。

Findings regarding the influence of family environment on adolescent drug use were as follows: 1. Regarding the findings of family structure, the opportunity for adolescent drug use was significantly increased by a high socioeconomic status family income and parents' education, one or both parents not living at home with the adolescent or parental death, family drug use including parents' and sibling drug use, and single parent. Only the influence of sibling drug use has a medium effect size on adolescent drug use; the rest of the variables have a small magnitude of influence. 2. Regarding the findings of family relations in an authoritarian family, the parents' control through guilt, punishment, or strict rules was not significantly associated with adolescent drug use. In a permissive family, their parents may not make well-established rules, but even if they do, they may not make sure that their children follow these rules, resulting in some adolescents becoming likely drug users. In a democratic family where parents reason with their children and may make well-established rules and discipline or encourage their children to express their opinions and discuss family events openly, adolescents are surprisingly likely to use drugs. This finding is somewhat different from the common-sense idea that the democratic parenting style would decrease the opportunity of adolescent drug use. The more adolescents felt their parents' support, affection, love or warmth (positive affectivity), the less likely they were to become drug-users. In sum, sibling influence is the largest than any other of family variables. Hence, in the future, it is highly suggestible to decrease the sibling negative influence that means to reduce the risk of adolescent drug use.