師範大學學生對臺灣興建核能電廠的反應分析研究－－Fishbein's Model之應用

THE STUDY OF PRESERVICE TEACHERS' REACTIONS TO PROPOSED NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN TAIWAN: AN APPLICATION OF FISHBEIN'S MODEL

本研究目的是調查師大學生對於建議在臺灣地區興建核能電廠的行為後果的信念及評價、態度、主觀規範、規範信念、對重要參考人物的依從動機及行為意圖； 並希望利用理性行為論來分析該理論中各變項間的關係，以及預測贊成興建核能電廠的行為意圖。研究樣本為1992年上學期註冊的三所師範大學一年級學生，有效樣本774人；研究工具包括七部分問卷，以及使用七分法來測量行為結果的信念與評價、態度、主觀規範、規範信念、依從動機、行為意圖，而且也包括九個題目，以蒐集個人基本資料及政黨傾向等變項，並以核能內外控問卷，測量有關核能電廠意外事故及核能政策的信念。研究結果指出：1.大多數學生表示傾向支持興建核能電廠的信念、結果評價、態度及行為意圖。2.雖然大多數學生關心核能電廠可能引起的環境問題，但是他們認為重要參考人物支持他們贊成興建核能電廠，而且他們也較會遵從重要參考人物的意見。3.國民黨的支持者、居住在沒有工業污染地區、及內在核能控制信念高分組的學生，較傾向支持興建核能電廠。4.學生如果具有傾向支持興建核能電廠的信念、評價、態度，而且認為大多數重要人物支持他們贊成興建核能電廠時，則表現出支持興建核能電廠的行為意圖。5.理性行為論能成功地預測興建核能電廠的投票行為意圖。6.學生的政黨傾向、居住地區、核能內外控等外在變項，能有限度地預測行為意圖。

The purpose of this study was to examine preservice teachers' beliefs, attitude, subjective norm, and behavioral intention toward the proposal of constructing new nuclear power plants in Taiwan. The study also attempted to utilize Fishbein's model of reasoned action to investigate the relationships among different factors related to the theory of reasoned action and to predict behavioral intention for voting in favor of building new nuclear power plants. The sample was selected from the first-year students enrolled in three teacher-training universities in Taiwan in 1992. The total number of subjects participated in the study was 774.The research instrument was composed of seven questionnaires and used a seven-point scale to measure subjects' beliefs and evaluations of outcomes, attitude, subjective norms, normative beliefs, motivations to comply, and behavioral intention specially related to the proposal for new nuclear power plants. Also included were nine items designed to collect subjects' demographic and political party affiliation information. The instrument also included a modified version of the Nuclear Locus of Control Scale to measure beliefs concerning nuclear power plant accidents and how they may relate to nuclear policy. The data were collected during the fall term, 1992. Results of this study indicated a majority of students expressed favorable beliefs, attitude, and behavioral intention for voting 'yes' in support of building new nuclear power plants; perceived that most important referents supported them for voting 'yes'; and were willing to do most of what important referents wanted them to do. A majority of students also were concerned about potential environmental problems caused by nuclear power plants. By further analysis, supporters of Kuomintang, students 1iving in the areas without industrial pollution, students who scored high on internal nuclear locus of control, and students who scored low on powerful others nuclear locus of control showed more favorable behavioral intention for supporting the construction of new nuclear power plants. Results of this study indicated that Fishbein's model of reasoned action was successful in predicting behavioral intention to vote 'yes' for the proposal of constructing new nuclear power plants. The data revealed that students with favorable beliefs, evaluations of outcomes, and attitude, and who believe that most important referents support them to vote 'yes,' showed favorable intention to vote in favor of the proposal for constructing new nuclear power plants. Results also revealed that among many external factors, political party affiliation, residential area, and nuclear locus of control had some 1 imited explanatory power to predict behavioral intention for supporting the construction of nuclear power plants.