台北市製造業勞工安全衛生知識、態度、習慣及教育訓練策略研究

The Study on Knowledge, Attitudes, Practices and Educational Strategies Concerning Safety and Health among Labors in Taipei

本研究旨在探討台北市四種製造業勞工對安全衛生知識、態度、習慣及教育訓練的需求情形，並以PRECEDE MODEL為研究架構。研究對象是以台北市四種製造行業（鋼鐵基本工業、橡膠製品製造業、化學製品製造業、運輸工具製造修配業）的從業勞工3,991人為母群體，除鋼鐵基本工業全部勞工皆納入研究樣本外，其餘三類採用類群取樣法(cluster sampling)抽樣，實際受訪勞工人數為852人。資料蒐集方式採用訪視員訪視，訪視時間為民國80年1月至3月。研究結果發現受訪者對於消防常識、急救訓練等安全衛生教育訓練內容最感需要；受訪勞工的安全衛生習慣尚待加強的有：騎機車戴安全帽、使用個人防護具、不用缺陷或待修工具及主動參與安全衛生活動等四項。受訪勞工的素質，使能與增強三類因素能 夠顯著地預測其安全衛生教育訓練內容需求(R2=0.179)及習慣(R2 = .065)。根據研究結果，提出二項建議：(一)在規劃勞工安全教育計畫時，宜選擇勞工感興趣的消息來源管道，安排合適的教育活動，配合勞工的實際需求，以培養勞工安全衛生的習慣，並強化安全意識，杜絕僥倖、疏忽和不負責任的心態。（二）政府相關部門宜加強推展事業單位雇主、安全衛生主管和領班的安全衛生教育工作，積極提昇其安全意識，從而能夠主動提供員工最新的安全衛生資訊，並能貫徹執行安全衛生管理和教育訓練工作，提倡安全衛生的工作風氣。

The purposes of the study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes, practices and demands concerning safety and health among four kinds of manufactory labors in Taipei. The PRECEDE Model was used as the study frame. The sample was selected by a cluster method, with the total number of valid questionnaires being 852. The data were collected via interviews conducted during January through March, 1991. The findings indicated that the educational and training contents the interviees demanded most were fire extinguishment, first-aid skills, and the causes, prevention and management of industrial accidents. The safety and health practices that the labors needed to improve included wearing helmet when riding motorcycles, using personal protectors, not using broken tools, and participating safety and health activities. Stepwise regression analyses showed that labors' predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors explained 17.9% of the variance of their educational demands and 6.5% of their safety and health practices. Recommendations for labors' educational and training strategies were made. Future studies of educational experiments using PRECEDE model as study frame would be important to safety and health educators.