專案績效決定性因素之後設分析－－探討人員面之因素

A Meta-Analysis on the Determinant Human Factors in Project Performance

近幾年全球化競爭的議題持續燃燒，跨國人力的運用使得組織人員面因素逐漸被重視，探討人員面因素是否顯著影響專案績效的文章也逐漸增多。這些因素大多為成員知識分佈、溝通協調情況、管理控制情形、高階主管支持等議題。然而這些相同主題的研究卻有不一樣的結果，為了使各因素有統一的結論，本研究採後設分析法，蒐集2000~2009 年相關議題之國際期刊文章，試圖瞭解：第一，成員面的知識分佈情形、溝通協調程度與管理面的管理控制程度、高階主管支持程度如何影響專案績效；第二，以上四因素與專案管理績效之關聯性是否顯著以及關聯性強度為何；第三，專案之任務類型是否對各關聯強度產生顯著差異。將所收集文獻提供之相關係數進行編碼後並利用Comprehensive Meta Analysis Version 2.0 計算各因素與專案績效之加權平均效果量，透過效果量大小之判讀，本研究發現專案成員面之成員知識強度、成員溝通協調程度、與專案管理面之流程控制、產出控制程度、高階管理支持程度與專案績效皆具有顯著正相關，然而，專案成員的知識多樣性與專案績效並沒有顯著關聯性。此外，在專案任務類型的劃分下，此四因素中，只有資訊系統發展專案在流程控制、產出控制與專案管理績效有部分顯著調節情況，其餘專案類型則否。最後，本研究從四個人員因素與專案績效關係的檢視中，提供相關之結論與建議供學術與實務面參考。

Under competition of globalization, the employment of international human resource has made human factors increasingly valued. Therefore, papers discussing whether human factors influence project performance have gradually increased. These human factors are focused on knowledge distribution of project members, the extent of coordination, management control and upper management support. However, results of these studies are not consistent. In order to obtain a consistent conclusion of the four factors, this study adopts meta-analysis method, which intends to understand how the four factors influence project performance, the extent of correlation between the four factors and project performance and whether different types of projects will moderate the correlation. By utilizing the Pearson correlation, T values and F values from the literature, average weighted effect size value can be produced to interpret the magnitude of correlation between the four factors and project performance. Based on effect size, this study finds that the four factors are positive relative to project performance except for knowledge diversity of team members. Additionally, correlation between process and output control and project performance are partially moderated only under ISD projects, including hi-tech new product development projects. Finally, after looking into the correlation between the four factors and project performance, some academic and empirical suggestions are offered for reference.