《上博五‧三德》「高陽」、「皇后」考

Bamboo Slips V in the Shanghai Museum‧Three Morality: Textual Research on “Gaoyang” and “Huanghou”

《上海博物館藏戰國楚竹書（五）》一書中的〈三德〉，學者已頗多研究，但仍有部分字詞解讀分歧以及錯誤者，凡此皆影響對全文意旨的認知。例如簡文的「高陽」一詞，本文考釋認為不能套用〈帝繫〉、〈五帝德〉的「五帝」糸統，「高陽」並非黃帝之孫，而可能是傳授天命的巫覡之長。其次，簡文「皇后」一詞也不能訓解作「黃帝」，「皇后」當是「皇天上帝」之意，古代「皇帝」、「后帝」、「皇后」等詞可以用來形容天上的最高主宰者。

Although the article Three Morality in the Vol. V of Chu-Dynasty Bamboo Slips of Warring States Collected by Shanghai Museum has been studied by scholars, there remain divergent views and errors in the interpretation of some terms, which affect the understanding of the intention of the full content. For example, the textual research result suggests that the term “Gaoyang” in the slips shall not be interpreted by the “Five Emperors” system of Emperor Genealogy and The Virtues of Five Emperors, as “Gaoyang” is not the grandson of the Yellow Emperor but a patriarch of witchcraft that imparted mandate of heaven. Similarly, the term “Huanghou” in the slips shall not be interpreted as “the Yellow Emperor”, as “Huanghou” stands for the “Heaven God”, which was often described by terms of “Huangdi”, “Houdi”, “Huanghou”, etc.