長期照護機構老人住民靈性安適及其相關因素之探討

The Relatives Factors of Spiritual Well-being among the Elderly Persons in Long-term Care Institutions

研究對象針對高雄與屏東地區安養護機構，年逾65歲之老年住民為主，並於2011年4月至12月期間共收取有效樣本200人，平均年齡為71.29歲，男性有126位及女性有74位。研究結果顯示：老人住民在靈性安適的感受上屬於中等程度滿意。在迴歸模式中獲選解釋變項有性別、宗教信仰、自覺健康狀況、機構適應狀況及機構好友數，可預測的總變異量為47.53%，表示此五項因素為老人住民靈性安適之重要預測因子；在性別方面，表示女性住民的靈性安適感受程度較佳；宗教信仰顯示，有宗教信仰的老人住民靈性安適的感受程度較好；自覺健康狀況方面，自覺健康良好的老人住民靈性安適感受程度最優；機構適應狀況方面，機構適應狀況良好的老人住民靈性安適感受程度最佳；在機構好友數方面，機構中好友數較多者靈性安適感受程度愈優。期望透過本研究結果可協助機構照護者在未來的照護工作上，能了解並重視機構老人心靈社會層面的發展與現況，以提升機構老人的生活品質。

The valid samples of this research were 200 elderly residents (126 males and 74 126 females), who were more than 65 years old in long-term care institutions in Kaohsiung and Pingtung area. They were selected by using questionnaires from April, 2011 to December, 2011, and their average of age was 71.29 years old. The results showed that the range of the total scores from elderly persons in Spiritual Well-being Scales was regarded as moderately. Moreover, according to the regression analysis, five factors (Gender, Religion, Self-perceived Health Status, Adaptation Condition, and Numbers of Friends in long-term care institutions) were considered into the model and its total variance explained reached 47.53%. In Gender factor, we found the total score of Spiritual Well-being Scales of female elderly could be better performance than male elderly. In Religion factor, we found the total score of Spiritual Well-being Scales of the elderly with religion could be better performance than the elderly without religion. In Self-perceived Health Status factor, we found the total score of Spiritual Well-being Scales of the elderly in well or normal status c could be better performance than the elderly in ill status. In Adaptation Condition factor, we found the total score of Spiritual Well-being Scales of the elderly in well or normal status could be better performance than the elderly in ill status. In Numbers of Friends factor, we found the total score of Spiritual Well-being Scales of the elderly with one friend or more friends in long-term care institutions could be better performance than the elderly without friends. Finally, we hope this study can be used to frame appropriate precaution for the career in long-term care in the future. Besides, it can help to build up the relative health social welfare in Spiritual Well-being of the elderly, and to promote their quality of life in long-term care institutions in the future.