長期照護機構老人衰弱狀況調查：以某安養機構為例

A Study on the Frailty Status among Elderly in A Long-Term Care Facility

本研究採描述相關性調查設計，探討長期照護機構老人衰弱盛行率、衰弱影響因素、及衰弱對機構老人健康相關生活品質之影響。以立意取樣，自屏東縣某一經政府立案之安養機構，依選樣標準，共取得27位符合收案條件且同意參與研究並完成調查之有效樣本。採結構式問卷與身體測量進行資料收集，以SPSS for Window 15.0套裝軟體進行資料建檔與分析。根據Fried及其同事(2001)所提出非故意體重減輕、自覺精力耗竭、身體活動量低、肌肉軟弱、及行走速度緩慢等五項為衰弱判定準則，研究發現符合三項之衰弱(frail)盛行率為11.1%，符合衰弱傾向(pre-frail)的盛行率為37.0%。造成衰弱的相關因素與衰弱對安養機構老人健康相關生活品質的影響分析上，結果並未達統計上顯著差異，但發現隨著符合衰弱項目數的增加會對機構老人健康相關生活品質有不良影響，包括生理健康構面(r = -.185)及心理健康構面(r = -.256)，彼此間呈負相關的關係。此研究發現有助於對安養機構老人衰弱狀況之瞭解，由於國內相關研究仍相當缺乏，因此建議未來應繼續此議題之探究，早期發現判定為衰弱及衰弱傾向的個案，設計有效且符合個人需求的介入措施，將有助於避免或延緩老年人進入衰弱的階段，預防不良結果之發生。

The purposes of this study was to explore the frailty prevalence, related risk factors, and influence for life quality to the elderly living in a long-term care facility. Purposive sampling was used to collect data from 27 elderly living in one private care institution located in the Pingtung area. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and physical measurement. SPSS for Window 15.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Based on the frailty phenomenon proposed by Fried and his colleagues (2001), the frailty symptoms include the unintentional weight loss, exhaustion, lower physical activity, muscle weakness, and slow walking speed. According to the findings, the frailty prevalence in the elderly conforming to three of the five symptoms was 11.1%. Those conforming to 1-2 symptoms were defined as the prevalence of pre-frail and that was 37.0%. The study results showed no statistically significant difference on related factors and on influence for life quality from frailty in the elderly. It was found that with the number of frailty symptoms increasing, the elderly had negative influence on health-related quality of life, including physical component summary (r = -.185) and mental component summary (r = -.256), a negative correlation between the frailty and health-related quality of life. Our findings may be used to improve the nursing knowledge and to understand better of the frailty in long-term care facilities for elderly. The data can provide a basis for nurses to develop interventions.