臺灣傳染病防治政策興革之探討

A Reform Policy of The Infectious Diseases Preventions and Controls in Taiwan

台灣位屬亞熱帶氣候地區，自然環境條件較適合各種熱帶傳染病流行。邇來由於疾病型態逐漸改變，新型疫病已不斷發生，而且再加上本土型疫病亦蠢蠢欲動，使得傳染病工作一直是台灣衛生單位重點工作之一。以往國內因國人對傳染病防治知識缺乏、整體醫療資源及設施不足、醫療服務體糸分布不均及環境衛生不良之影響，使傳染病成為對亞熱帶地區社區民眾健康之重大威脅。如今由於各級衛生醫療體糸之通力合作，促使各項衛生防疫措施推行成效卓著，加上國民生活水準提高，自來水已普遍性供應與環境衛生大幅改善，而使多項傳染病在台灣地區絕跡。然由於國人疾病已逐漸轉型為以慢性疾病為主之型態，傳染性疾病對民眾健康之威脅亦又因運而生。抑有進者，由於快速經濟成長、國際交通便捷，使得殊多傳染病自境外移入台灣之情況大增。此外，因抗微生物製劑濫用現象使傳染病原增強其抗藥性，而新興傳染病亦日益增加，使得現行傳染病防治工作又面臨多重之新挑戰。因之傳染病防治在政策方面，實有通盤檢討改進之處，乃激發研究者研究動機，而親訪高、屏地區與台北市各公、私立醫療院、所、衛生局、所及疾病管制局處等有關傳染病防治之疫病專家、學者提出卓見。本研究結果政府實有必要適時成立專案小組，增編預算與補足防疫人力，從醫療、教育、網路與心理及社工多管齊下，以落實強化傳染病防治工作之遂行。據此研擬傳染病防治政策興革建議，以供行政院衛生署對傳染病防治政策興革之參採。

Taiwan is situated in a subtropical region. Its natural environment suits various tropical infectious diseases to grow. The disease pattern changes gradually mostly due to the environmental reasons. Not only would the new plague segment take place, but also a native-type plague may break out. Prevention programs of the infectious diseases have been the focus of Taiwan health unit work. Due to the lack of the knowledge of infectious diseases preventions and controls technology, most people feel a strong need of sufficient medical resources and supports. The environmental hygiene and medical service systems are not satisfactory. The major threat of such a condition causes people fear from community in hygiene in terms of health. Therefore, hygiene epidemic prevention measure becomes urgent and necessary. Furthermore, modern diseases have gradually transformed into chronic diseases, and infectious diseases are no exception. Therefore, current infectious diseases preventions and controls technology again face new challenges. This study was done through visiting the medical and hygienic experts and scholars put forward the suggestions. To provide a central health control program so as to prevent and control infectious diseases are the main concern of this study.