清末周有基在恆春地區的事蹟探究(1874~1882)

The Study of Zhou You Ji’s Deeds in the Hengchun Region during the Late Qing Dynasty (1874-1882)

周有基是清末恆春縣首任知縣，也是清廷因應同治13年(1874)日軍侵臺的刺激，採行沈葆楨的建議，在臺積極實施開山撫番政策下，恆春地區執行撫墾工作的基層人物。由於周有基的史料有限又零散，因此他的事蹟一向被忽略，以往在清末恆春的開發歷史上極少被討論。本文以周有基為論述議題，先搜尋有關的清廷官方檔案、日軍征臺記錄、近人論述與傳說等資料，經由比對分析，依次探究周有基的職務、清季周有基在恆春的事績及其軼事傳說等面向，得出結論：1、枋寮巡檢周有基係因牡丹社事件與獅頭社事件接連發生時，曾刺探軍情、招撫番社或協助淮軍出征，立下功勞，而得以擔任恆春設縣後的首任知縣。2、周有基任職恆春縣令的時間雖然短暫，但仍參與過恆春建城及衙署、義學等 的建置，在恆春縣進一步的建立規劃基礎上，實則扮演起當時重要的角色。3、周有基在專任南路撫墾局委員任內，對恆春與後山地區的招民移墾等工作是有貢獻的，恆春地區的積極開發即始於光緒以後。4、流傳於恆春地區的「石符敗庄頭」傳說，將周有基與羅發號事件要角龜仔角社連結，加入漢人的風水觀念而形成，反映出清末恆春地區漢番對立嚴重的史實。

Qing adopted Shen Bao Zhen’s suggestion, and therefore aggressively implemented the policy of pacifying the aborigines in Taiwan. Zhou You Ji was the virtual head of the policy of Hengchun. The deeds of Zhou have been ignored, since the historical records of Zhou are little and scattered. Hence, Zhou has been rarely discussed in the development history of Hengchun during the late Qing dynasty. Choosing Zhou You Ji as the topic for discussion in the study, we first searched the relative official records of the Qing, the records of Japanese military invasion in Taiwan, the contemporaries' discourses and legends, and so on and so forth. Through the comparative analysis, we explored the position of Zhou, the deeds, legends and anecdotes of Zhou in Hengchun in sequence, and we concluded as follows: 1. As the Fangliao inspector, Zhou had spied on the enemy, pacified the aborigines or gave assistance to the Huai Army expedition while the successive outbreaks of Mudan incident and Shi-Tou Clan event. Therefore, Zhou could take charge in the first magistrate after Hengchun was set as a county. 2. Although the time being the Hengchun magistrate is brief, Zhou took part in the establishment of Hengchun, government office, and free schools. Hence, Zhou is the key figure of the further establishment plan of Hengchun. 3. When being the committee of South Road Pacifying Bureau, Zhou made contribution to recruit and land farming of Hengchun and the back mountain region. 4. The legend “Shi Fu Bai Zhuang Tou” which is widely known in Hengchun connected Zhou with Kaolut tribe, which is the important role in Rover Incident, and the Hans’ concept of Feng shui, reflecting the serious antagonism between the Hans and the aborigines.