美和科技大學學生健康體適能之研究－－以96至100學年度四技一年級新生為例

Health-related Fitness of the 1st grade students in Meiho University from 2007 to 2011

本研究目的旨在探討美和科技大學96 至100 學年度學生在健康體適能的表現情形及各學年度之差異狀況。以四技一年級（五個學年度）女生1597 人及男生1212 人，合計2809 人為研究對象，依據教育部所頒布之體適能檢測項目與方法：身體質量指數（BMI）、柔軟度（坐姿體前彎）、瞬發力（立定跳遠）、肌力與肌耐力（60 秒屈膝仰臥起坐）、心肺耐力（800M/1600M 跑走）進行施測，以描述性統計及單因子變異數分析資料，獲得以下結果：（一）96 至100 學年度四技一年級女生在體重、BMI 指數高於常模；身高、柔軟度、肌力與肌耐力、瞬發力及心肺耐力皆低於常模。（二）96 至100 學年度四技一年級男生在體重、BMI指數高於常模；柔軟度、肌力與肌耐力、瞬發力及心肺耐力皆低於常模。（三）各學年度女生在柔軟度、肌力與肌耐力及瞬發力的表現逐年下降，且99 學年度女生瞬發力的表現是較差的。（四）各學年度男生在柔軟度、瞬發力的表現是逐年下降，且96 學年度男生心肺耐力的表現是較差的。建議體育課程應增加身體各關節周遭肌群的靜性伸展操、適度調整各大肌肉群重量訓練的強度及次數、跳躍式運動、短距離加速跑、游泳及有氧舞蹈，鼓勵學生課餘時間多從事快走、慢跑、跳繩及球類運動，藉以改善本校學生的柔軟度、肌力與肌耐力、瞬發力及心肺耐力。

The purpose of this study was to compare the health-related fitness of the 1st grade students in Meiho University from 2007 to 2011. The subjects were 2809 students which included 1597 female and 1212 male students. Based of the official standards issued by the Ministry of Education, the evaluative tests of physical fitness were body mass index (BMI), flexibility (bending-forward), starting power (stand-still jumping), muscle strength/endurance (1-minute sit-up), and aerobic respiratory endurance (800-meter for females/1600-meter for males). Those data were analyzed by descriptive statistic and one-way ANOVA. The results were as followed: First, the weight and the BMI of the female students were higher than the normal distributions, and the height, flexibility, strength and muscle endurance, power, and respiratory endurance of them were lower than the normal distribution. Second, the weight and the BMI of the male students were higher than the normal distribution, and the flexibility, strength and muscle endurance, power, and respiratory endurance were lower than the normal distribution. In addition, the flexibility, strength and muscle endurance, and power of female students were lower year by year; especial the power of female students in 2010 was the lowest compared with other female students in other years. Furthermore, the flexibility, and power of male students were lower year by year, especial the respiratory endurance was the lowest in 2007. In conclusion, the physical fitness of the 1st grade students in Meiho University was lower by year. It advised that the physical education programs needed to add the static stretching in each gross muscle to improve the flexibility, and also added the weight training programs, running, walking, sprint, swimming, aerobic dancing, and other sports to improve their power and aerobic respiratory endurance.