光緒元年獅頭社事件初探

The Study of the Shi-Tou Clan Event in the First Year of Guangxu

光緒元年(1875)爆發的獅頭社事件，被視為沈葆楨在台期間以武力平定的最大番亂。此事件發生的遠因是長久以來存在的漢番仇殺；近因則是同治13年秋獅頭社番被刺桐腳庄民捕捉，雙方交惡，侵台日軍且曾介入，及獅頭社番又殺害庄民和王開俊麾下營夫，以致王開俊率領官兵進剿，中伏而亡所引起。事後出動征剿亂番的淮軍，於戰爭中犧牲病故者幾達二千人，耗時四個月才平定，致使清廷特別著重台灣南部番地的開發與管理，強化番民的漢化，以番制番，同時積極鼓勵漢人來台開墾番地。不過，就實際成效而言：番學大多荒廢，招墾事務弊端多，番目與代管者即便協助官方，以維護部落治安，惟生活習俗依舊，除了改變部落傳統的經濟結構外，並未真正動搖大龜文社群的內在基礎。是故，獅頭社事件結束後，清廷在台灣南部番地所實施的開山撫番政策成效是有限的。

The even of Shi-Tou Clan broke out in the first year of Guangxu (1875). It was put down by Pao-chen Shen eventually, and was considered the biggest revolt during that period of time. The event was caused by long term vendettas. In the 13th year of Tongzhi, one aborigine from the Shi-Tou Clan was caught by Han villagers, and both the aborigines and the Han people became hostile to each other. Worse than that, because that Japanese military was involved in this even and one subordinate of Wang officer was killed by aborigines, Wang took troops to suppress the aborigines, and was killed in the war. Later, the Huai military was sent out to suppress the revolt. However, it took the Huai military four months to quell the even and two thousand soldiers were killed in this war. Since then, Ching Dynasty government paid a great effort to develop and manage the aboriginal area in the southern part of Taiwan. The policies Ching Dynasty government used were to ask the aborigines to learn the Han culture, to invite more Han people to live in the aboriginal area, and to ask the Han people to lead the aborigines. However, as a result, the aboriginal culture was neglected, there were a great deal of problems between the aborigines and the Han people, and for those aborigines, they do not want to change their life styles. Thus, after the Shi-Tou Clan Event, the effects of the policies used to pacify the aborigines were very limited.