數種香蕉品種光合速率與產量的比較

Comparisons on photosynthetic rates and yields of several economic banana cultivars in Taiwan

台灣香蕉年平均種植面積約1萬1千公頃，為台灣重要的水果。本試驗的目的在了解香蕉品種間光合速率的差異與光合速率與產量間的關係，以作為香蕉提高產量選育種的指標。結果顯示‘寶島蕉’不同葉位淨光合速率以第2葉片的22.2μmol CO2 m-2 s-1最高。香蕉品種間以‘寶島蕉’台蕉一號’兩品種的的平均淨光合速率較高，都是12.8μmol CO2 m-2 s-1，優於‘台蕉三號’的10.7μmol CO2 m-2 s-1與‘台蕉五號’的8.5μmol CO2 m-2 s-1。單株產量（果穗重）上以‘寶島蕉’最高，達30.2公斤，‘台蕉一號’、‘台蕉三號’與‘台蕉五號’的產量相近，在20.6~22.4公斤之間。

Banana is an important tropical fruit crop in Taiwan, with the production area averaging around 11,000 hectares in recent years. Since photosynthesis is the most important factor affecting fruit yields, the purpose of this study is to study the difference in photosynthetic rates amongst the common commercial banana varieties, how leaf ages make a difference in photosynthetic rates as well as the relationships between photosynthetic rates and fruit yields. The results show that the second youngest leaf has the highest photosynthetic rate (22.2 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) among all the leaves at different leaf positions in the ‘Formosana’variety of banana. The‘Formosana’and‘Tai-Chiao No. 1’are the two varieties having the highest photosynthetic rate, both at 12.8 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, among all the tested varieties. The photosynthetic rate of‘Tai-Chiao No.3’, at 10.7 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 ranked second, and‘Tai-Chiao No.5’ had the lowest rate at 8.5 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1. The fruit yield of ‘Formosana’is the greatest at 30.2 kg per bunch. The fruit yield for‘Tai-Chiao No.1’、Tai-Chiao No.3’and‘Tai-Chiao No.5’are about the same, ranging from 20.6 kg to 22.4 kg per bunch.