五專女生體適能之研究－－以美和技術學院為例

Fitness Levels of Junior College Female Students in Meiho Institute of Technology (MIT) from 2003 to 2007

本研究旨在探討美和技術學院五專一年級女生在體適能的表現狀況與差異情形。以92至96學年度（五個學年度）入學之五專女生為研究對象，合計1250人，檢測內容依據教育部所頒布之體適能檢測項目與方法進行，包括：身體質量指數（BMI指數）、柔軟度（坐姿體前彎）、瞬發力（立定跳遠）、肌力與肌耐力（一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐）、心肺耐力（800M跑走）進行施測，資料分析以描述性統計及單因子變異數分析，研究結果如下所示：（一）各學年度入學之五專一年級女生在柔軟度、瞬發力及心肺耐力低於教育部常模，且93、95、96學年度入學女生之肌力與肌耐力亦低於教育部常模。（二）各學年度入學女生之肌力與肌耐力表現是逐年下降，且94學年度入學女生之柔軟度表現是較差的。建議未來的體育課程應增加各大肌肉群的靜態伸展操，藉以改善學生之柔軟度，亦可增加重量訓練、快走、慢跑、短距離衝刺、游泳、有氧舞蹈或較長時間之球類運動，藉以改善學生的瞬發力及心肺耐力等。

The purpose of this study was to compare the physical fitness among 1,250 first-year female college students from the years 2003 to 2007. Based on the official standards issued by the Ministry of Education, the evaluation of physical fitness was determined by body mass index (BMI), flexibility (bending-forward), starting power (jumping from a standing position), muscle strength/endurance (one-minute sit-ups), and aerobic respiratory endurance (800-meters for females/1600-meters for males). This data was analyzed by descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA. The results were the following: (a) The flexibility, strength, and aerobic respiratory endurance of the five-year program female students during 2003-2007 were lower than their normal distributions of the Ministry of Education, and the muscle strength and muscle endurance of those studied in 2004, 2006, and 2007 were lower than their distributions of the Ministry of Education. (b) The muscle strength and muscle endurance of the female students decreased every year, and their flexibility was the lowest in the 2005 study. Physical education programs needed to add the static stretching in each gross muscle skill to improve flexibility, and also add weight training programs, running, walking, sprinting, swimming, aerobic dancing, and other sports to improve students’ energy levels and aerobic respiratory endurance.