SARS疫情對大專生心理影響與預防認知之研究－－以美和技術學院為例

A Study of Psychological Effect and Preventive Perception of College Students under SARS Epidemic Situation--Using Meiho Institute of Technology as an Example

本研究之目的是探討大專生對於預防校園內生物性感染之認知情形，比較分析不同學制或不同學生組成特性對生物性感染預防認知之差異性，同時也藉以瞭解生物性感染對學生心理影響情形。本研究乃以2003 年國內所發生之SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)事件為生物性感染之主題，進行問卷調查，並以美和技術學院學生為研究對象，共發出1,350 份問卷，回收有效問卷計1,090份，以Cronbach α 測量之信度為0.7703。研究成果發現，在心理影響之調查方面，SARS 疫情已造成學生心理有些程度之恐慌，而校方實施之防疫措施似乎仍不足以減輕學生心理的憂慮，故未來對類似之生物性感染疾病之防疫宣導工作，應加強心理輔導工作或增加心理建設之宣導。不同年齡層學生對SARS 疫情所造成生活作習或心理之影響有顯著差異性，其中21~23 歲及28 歲以上學生「有相當影響」較多，而17~20 歲及24~27 歲學生「只有稍微影響」較多。不同學群學生對SARS 疫情所造成生活作息或心理之影響也呈顯著差異性。在預防感染方法的認知程度方面，雖大部分學生（佔62.2%-80.9%）均有足夠之認知，仍有部分學生（佔18.9%-37.4%）對SARS 感染之症狀尚不明確。縱使SARS 事件帶給國人相當大的衝擊，學生對於有關SARS 預防之基本常識尚有待加強。不同性別及不同學群學生在SARS 預防之基本常識方面均呈顯著差異，其中女性學生之SARS 預防基本常識優於男性學生，醫護學群學生之SARS 預防基本常識優於非醫護學群學生。

The objectives of this study were to investigate the knowledge of college and university students in preventing biological infection to make comparison between students of different classes in knowledge and other different characteristics. The psychological effects on the students were evaluated as well. This study investigated the knowledge of biological infection based upon the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) case which occurred in Taiwan in 2003, and the students of Meiho Institute of Technology were surveyed in this study. Totally 1,350 questionnaires were distributed on average to each grade in every department of the day and night schools and 1,090 valid ones were returned. The validity of this questionnaire was 0.9629. For the investigation of psychological effect, the results showed that the SARS disease has caused the students certain level of psychological panic, and the disease control program provided by this institute could not alleviate the psychological panic of students. Therefore, in the future this institute should enhance the psychological counseling work or increase the psychological development with the students during the guiding process of disease control for similar biological infection disease. There are significant differences in different age groups. SARS has had more serious effects on students between 21 and 23 or above 28 years of age in living habits or psychological panic; however, it has shown only slight effects on those between 17 and 20 or between 24 and 27 years of age. SARS has shad significant effects on college students from different learning group. The results of this study showed that most students(62.2%-80.9%) had enough knowledge on the prevention of biological infection; however, part of students (18.9%-37.4%) still did not well recognize the symptoms of SARS. Although SARS has given us serious impacts, the result showed that it is imperative for the college students to enhance their knowledge on the prevention of SARS. There was significant difference in the basic knowledge of SARS prevention between students of different sex and study program. The female students had better knowledge of SARS prevention than male students. Also, the students in healthcare program had better knowledge of SARS prevention than those in non-healthcare program.