丹麥與北歐的民眾高等學校運動

The Folk High School Movement in Denmark and North Europe

在社會教育學的研究中，社會教育理論、社會教育史及比較社會教育的研究，成為最重要的三個學門。因為社會教育史是研究社會教育的發展；比較社會教育是研究世界各國的社會教育，前者是縱的研究；後者是橫的研究，而教育理論是兩者交會點的研究。丹麥與北歐的民眾高等學校運動的研究，是屬於史的研究，即以歷史的眼光去研究丹麥與北歐的民眾高等學校運動，藉以了解民眾高等學校運動發生的背景、原因、經過、結果等。民眾高等學校，是社會教育的重要機構，它在歷史的過程中占有重要的地位，凡是談到成人教育時，都會提到民眾高等學校。雖然現在的民眾高等學校 在性質上與過去不同，但是它還是從過去演變而得來的。站在歷史研究的觀點，是不能忽略的一種事實的根源。在探討民眾高等學校的教育時，便會聯想到丹麥對民眾高等教育最有貢獻的教育家葛龍維與柯爾特二人，他們對民眾高等教育付出了很大的心力。丹麥的民眾高等學校運動發生於一八六四年，是一種自救的運動，使國家雖敗於普魯士，但不亡於普魯士。由於運動的成功，受到北歐國家的重視，紛紛採取丹麥的家庭式的民眾高等教育方式，而發起了著名的一八七一年的北歐民眾高等學校運動。

The Folk High School Novement is an important movement in educational history. Because the function of this movement is waking up the people to love their country. This movement occurred in Denmark 1846, after Preussia occupied the teritority of Denmark. During the crises of the country, the great educators Nikolai Frederik Severia Grundtvig and Christen Kold established the Folk High School for their people. The effort of the educators and all people, Denmark is strong again. Therefore countries of North Europe (Scandinavia) to imitate Denmark to act the movement in 1871. In this thesis discuss: 1. The background of the Folk High School Movement in Denmark: (1)the influence of war. (2)the recognition of farmer. (3)the waking up of national spirit. (4)the change of politics and economics. 2. Grundtvig and the Folk High School Movement: (1)the establishment of the first Folk High School at Rodding. (2)the new orientation of folk education. 3. The process of Folk High School Movement in Denmark:(l) the beginning of Folk High School Movement.(2)the development of Folk High School Novement. (3)the process of Folk High School Movement. (4)the contribution of the person and group to the Folk High School Movement. 4. The Folk High School Movement in North Europe: (1) Norway(2)Sweden (3) Finnland(4) Iceland.