應用傳記式問卷預測駐派大陸員工之外派適應

Predicting Successfully Adjusted Expatriates: An Application of the Biographical Inventory

由於台灣工資日高，台商到大陸設廠日漸增加。鑒於大陸的經營管理與技術專業人才甚缺，台商往往需派遣優秀的員工進駐大陸支援大陸分公司的需求。由於兩地在政治、經濟與社會制度差距甚大，致使外派大陸人員感到適應困難、執行任務不理想、甚至不得不提前返國，造成公司困擾。本研究的目的，在於編製適當的工具，藉以協助企業做好外派大陸人員的甄選工作。在研究一中，研究者以關鍵事例法訪問外派大陸人員，結果顯示與外派適應相關的個人因素包括：（1）管理之變通與因應能力；（2）對異文化的興趣與尊重；（3）對外派地政治、經濟與社會的瞭解；（4）社交技巧；（5）休閒習慣；（6）自我照顧能力；（7）環境改變的適應能力；（8）視外派工作為生涯發展的契機；（9）大中華認同；（10）家庭支持與負擔。研究二則根據上述結果，建構「傳記式問卷」做為研究的工具，收集到176位外派人員在問卷上的反應。結果顯示此傳記式問卷各向度的 Cronbach’s α介於.79-.86，且與外派人員自評的外派適應（包括工作適應、生活適應、人際適應與離職意願）及外派動機具有高度的正相關，表示效度獲得支持。

Due to increasing labor costs, the majority of Taiwanese corporations now perform an increasing proportion of their business activities on Mainland China. As a result, many employees were selected for overseas assignments. Mainland China and Taiwan are very different in political, economic and social systems. So, mainland assignments may cause severe work stress and maladjustment because expatriates have to face many changes, and even culture shock. Thus, many corporations experience high and costly rates of expatriates returning prematurely from mainland assignments. The purpose of this study was to develop a biographical questionnaire suitable for mainland expatriates and to examine the validity of the use of biographical questionnaire as a predictor of expatriate mainland assignments. The first part of the study was designed to interview current expatriates in order to examine the characteristics of a well-adjusted expatriate. The result from analysis of interview contents indicated that the characteristics of a well-adjusted included ten factors , such as the ability to manage change, social skill, Chinese identity…et al. The second part of the study was to develop the biographical questionnaire and tested its reliability and validity. Analysis of data obtained from 176 expatriates revealed the Cronbach’sα coefficients for all the subscales of biographical inventory ranged from .79 to .86. In addition, the biographical inventory was positively correlated to the index for expatriate’s adjustment and motivation. The results indicated that the biographical inventory had high concurrent criterion-related validity.