母親與幼兒互動中之教養行為分析

An Analysis of Mothers’ Child-rearing Behaviors during Mother-child Interactions

本研究主要是以母親和幼兒的互動和歷程二個層面來探討母親教養行為的特色。研究對象是13對就讀幼兒園大班的幼兒和其母親。研究方法是觀察記錄母子在家庭中的互動行為並依此進行內容分析。結果發現︰首先，母親啟始的控制事件比幼兒啟始的控制事件來得多，且以幼兒生活常規的要求居多，顯示母親在母子互動中扮演比較主導的社會化代理者的角色，且其教養行為以指示制止、負向處罰較多。其次，母親教養行為和互動事件性質、幼兒行為有顯著交互作用，顯示在不同互動事件性質、不同幼兒行為中，母親教養行為亦有所不同，但不同母親其教養行為卻無顯著差異。最後由互動歷程中母親教養行為和幼兒對母親反應之關係觀之，這二者的互動歷程存在了「好來好往，以暴制暴」與「嘮叨成習，相應不理」的特色。

His study consists two aims. These aims are (1) to describe the characteristics of mothers’ child-rearing behaviors during mother–child interactions, and (2) to describe the characteristics of mothers’ child-rearing behaviors in the sequences of mother–child interactions. Based on observational records of interactions between 13 pairs of children aged 5 or 6 and their mothers, we analyze the natures of interacting events, mothers’ child-rearing behaviors, children’s behaviors and results of interactions. The results are shown in the followings. First of all, mothers seem to play the role of socializing agent actively during the interactions between mothers and children. In addition, mothers play the role of socializing agent in terms of directors or educators, which means that mothers more often initiate controlled–events than children do to modify or maintain children’s behaviors. Moreover, mothers usually deal with children’s behaviors by means of instruction or prohibition, or even punishment. Secondly, mothers’ child-rearing behaviors are significantly interacted with the natures of interacting events and children’s behaviors, but not with mothers themselves. Finally, when the immediate sequential interactions between mothers’ child-rearing behaviors and children’s reactions are examined, the features are: positive actions in return for positive actions, and negative actions in return for negative actions, as well as children’s ignorance in return for mothers’ repeated instruction or prohibition.