母親信念、教養目標與教養行為（2）：問卷編製與相關分析

Mothers’ Beliefs, Goals and Child-rearing Behaviors (II) ︰ Questionnaire Construction and Correlation Analysis

為了探討母親信念、教養目標和教養行為的內涵與關係，研究者進行了二個子研究。本研究為第二個子研究，主要是依據在第一個子研究中所發展的內涵主題擬定初步類別，經與5位學者專家及10位母親的討論後，修訂初步類別並編擬初步問卷。而後再以199位國小低、高年級學童的母親為對象，初步問卷為工具進行預試，因素分析結果顯示母親信念有自我能力與經驗2個因素；母親教養目標有品德人際、成就、正向發展和獨立3 個因素；母親教養行為亦有修正不當行為和討論、服務示範和練習、鼓勵良好行為和自主3個因素。正式問卷以469位母親為對象，探討母親信念、教養目標、以及教養行為各因素之間的關係。以較高的相關係數數值分析，結果發現下列二種相關取向：（1）母親愈具有自我能力信念，其教養目標愈偏重品德人際、正向發展和獨立，而其教養行為則愈會使用修正不當行為和討論、服務示範和練習的方法。（2）母親愈具有經驗信念，其教養目標則愈注重品德人際、成就，其教養行為則愈會使用鼓勵良好行為和自主的方法。

In order to investigate relationships among mothers’ beliefs, goals and child-rearing behaviors, two studies have been carried out. The first study is to explore the themes of mothers’ beliefs, goals and child-rearing behaviors. The second study is to develop questionnaires and then to investigate relationships among mothers’ beliefs, goals and behaviors. The present study is the second study in which theoretical categories are derived from the themes of mothers’ beliefs, goals and behaviors. Then, the researcher discussed with 5 experts and 10 mothers about theoretical categories. Through these discussions, theoretical categories are verified and further defined, and items of preliminary questionnaires regarding mothers’ beliefs, goals and behaviors are developed. One hundred and ninety-nine subjects are surveyed using the preliminary questionnaires, and the data is analyzed. By means of factor analysis, factors are defined respectively regarding mothers’ beliefs, goals, and behaviors. Factors of mothers’ beliefs are cognitive abilities, and experiences. Factors of mothers’ goals are moral characters and interpersonal relationships, achievements, as well as positive development and independence. Factors of mothers’ behaviors are modification of misconduct and discussion, protection, modeling and practicing, as well as encouragement of desired behaviors and autonomy. Therefore the final versions of questionnaires of mothers’ beliefs, goals and behaviors are modified on the basis of the above factors and items. Four hundred and sixty-nine mothers are selected to answer the final versions of questionnaires. The findings suggest that, on the one hand, there are higher correlation coefficients among belief of cognitive abilities, goal of moral characters and interpersonal relationships, goal of positive development and independence, and behavior of modification of misconduct, behavior of protection, modeling and practicing. On the other hand, there are higher correlation coefficients among belief of experiences, goal of moral character and interpersonal relationships, goal of achievements, as well as behavior of encouragement of desired behaviors and autonomy.