母親信念、教養目標與教養行為（1）：內涵意義之探討

Mothers’ Beliefs, Goals and Child-rearing Behaviors(I)︰ An Analysis of the Themes

國外親子關係的研究在1970年代由父母教養行為層面進而對父母信念或認知層面的探討，並藉此更深入解釋父母教養型態及其對兒童發展的影響。國內相關研究相當缺乏，為了探討母親信念、教養目標和教養行為的內涵與關係，研究者進行了二個子研究。第一個子研究之主要目的是探討母親信念、教養目標、教養行為的內涵。第二個子研究之主要目的是探討母親信念、教養目標、教養行為的關係。本研究為第一個子研究，主要是訪談120位國小低、高年級學童的母親，並整理分析訪談內容以瞭解母親信念、教養目標、教養行為的內涵。結果顯示受訪母親在信念上有7個主題－－被動依賴、先天因素、能力傾向、接觸和經驗累積、正負向回饋、觀察學習、與主動探索自由學習。教養目標有6個主題－－基本道德人格培養、人際關係、成就競爭、平安順從、獨立自表、與適性發展、身心健康和快樂。教養行為則有8個主題－－耳提面命、練習嚐試、獎賞鼓勵、處罰、說理誘導、身教示範、鼓勵獨立自主、與提供服務。

In order to investigate relationships among mothers’ beliefs, goals and child-rearing behaviors, two studies have been carried out. The first study is to explore the themes of mothers’ beliefs, goals and child-rearing behaviors. The second study is to develop questionnaires and then to examine relationships among mothers’ beliefs, goals and behaviors. The present study is the first study in which 120 mothers of elementary school students are interviewed. Based on the results of these personal interviews, themes of mothers’ beliefs, goals and behaviors are developed. The themes of mothers’ beliefs are dependence, innate factors, abilities tendency, contact and accumulation, positive and negative feedback, observational learning, and active learning. The themes of mothers’ goals are morality and personality, interpersonal relationships, achievement and competition, contention and conformity, independence and self-expression, and positive development. The themes of mothers’ behaviors are daily instruction, requirement of practices, positive incentive, punishment, induction, modeling, encouragement of autonomy, and providing services.