軍隊士氣之研究與測量工具之發展

Military Morale : An Exploration of its Essence and the Development of a Morale Scale

本研究的目的，在探討士氣之本質，並發展一可用以測量軍隊士氣之量表。經由焦點團體訪談及一般性訪談後，研究者認為士氣為一種「潛伏」的精神力量，此潛伏力量的本質為一種「團體成員間的關係」；而此潛伏力量則是經由「組織目標」引發而成為組織成員情緒喚起的外顯狀態。此外，研究者根據文獻及訪談結果編擬士氣量表，並以實徵研究方法驗證其信度及效度。結果顯示此量表的內部一致性信度介於.95～.97 之間，量表與效標題之相關性（r=.53～.94），亦頗符合研究者之預期。此量表在因素結構上為單一因素，且此單一因素結構經交叉驗證，顯示具有相當的穩定性與一致性。研究者最後亦根據研究結果，提出軍隊士氣的假設性模式。

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the essence of military morale and to develop a scale to measure military morale. According to the empirical data from focused group interview and general interview, the author attributes morale as a potential spirit. The essence of the potential spirit is a special type of relationship among group members. The potential spirit can be evolved when the goal of organization becomes obvious. With the results of past morale studies and empirical interviews of this study, the author also developed a morale scale. Two groups of subjects (formal administration & cross validation; N=311,373 ; separately) were asked to complete this scale. The empirical data show that the scale is impressive in terms of its internal-consistency reliability and criterion-related validity. After factor analysis, it shows that this scale is a single factor structure. The cross-validation examination shows that the single factor structure of the scale is reliable and consistent. Finally, the author proposes a hypothetical model of military morale in terms of the result of this research.