加護單位護理人員對器官捐贈之知識及態度

Knowledge of and Attitudes toward Oragn Donation among Nurses in Intensive Care Units

加護單位護理人員在器官捐贈過程扮演關鍵角色，本研究目的在探討醫學中心的內科及外科加護單位護理人員對器官捐贈相關照護之知識、態度及其影響因素。研究對象包含32位內科及31立外科加護單位護理人員，以問卷調查法，採用器官捐贈照護知識及態度評估量表收集資料。結果發現加護單位護理人員對器官捐贈照護之知識仍待加強，其平均得分為66%，知識項目排行前五名為「簽器捐卡表同意捐出自己器官」、「器捐者家屬的震驚、絕望與憤怒為正常反應」、「腦死為死體器捐者必要條件」、「宜引導器捐家屬表達感受」及「分享經驗能減輕照護器捐病人的壓力」；得分後二名為「肝臟移植捐與受者組織抗原配對並非絕對必要」及「無感染徵兆、體溫高腦死者可器捐」。護理人員對器捐照護整體態度持正向，平均得分為71%，態度項目排行前五名為「增加大眾對器捐認知可提高器捐率」、「器官捐贈可造福他人」、「器官移植值得推展」、「腦死者醫療照護是社會負擔」及「腦死者捐出器官值得鼓勵」；得分後二名為「向家屬提器捐建議最適當人選是護理人員」及「腦死者沒生命價值」。年齡大於25歲、有照顧器捐者或受贈者經驗的護理人員，有較好的器官捐贈照護知識；有簽器捐卡或無宗教信仰者對器官捐贈照護之態度較正向。器官捐贈照護知識得分越高者，其態度越趨正向。加護單位護理人員器官捐贈照護知識及態度的瞭解，可應用於教育訓練課程，提升護理人員知識及態度，以利器官捐贈的推展。

Intensive care unit(ICU)nurses play an important role in organ donation. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge of and attitudes toward organ donation among nurses in medical and surgical ICUs (MICU and SICU)at a medical center, as well as the factors associated with knowledge and attitudes. The participants were 32 MICU nurses and 31 SICU nurses. A knowledge and attitude questionnaire was used to collect data. The results showed that ICU nurses had knowledge deficits with regard to organ donation. The top five items on the 'knowledge of organ donation' section of the questionnaire were 'signing an organ donation card means that donors have agreed to donate organs of their own free will', 'shock, despair, and anger expressed by the donor's family are normal emotional responses', 'brain death is a requirement for cadaver donors', 'nurses should guide the donor's family in expressing their feelings', and 'sharing experiences may decrease the stress caused by taking care of donors'. ICU nurses had positive attitudes toward organ donation. The top five items on the 'attitude toward organ donation' section were 'increasing cognition of organ donation among the public may promote organ donation', 'organ donation may help people', ' expansion of organ transplantation programs is worthwhile', 'medical care of brain dead patients is a burden to society', and 'donation of brain dead patients' organs is worthy of encouragement'. ICU nurses who were more than 25 years old, or had experience taking care donors or recipients, had better knowledge of organ donation. Those who had signed organ donation cards or had no religious beliefs, showed more positive attitudes toward organ donation. Those who had better knowledge of organ donation had more positive attitudes toward organ donation. The findings of this study may be applied in nursing education programs, and might be helpful in improving the public's attitude toward organ donation and increasing the number of potential organ donors in our society.