台灣醫誌(JFMA)論文數目與著者特色分析(1902年～1997年)

Journal of the Formosan Medical Association: Publication Profile from 1902 to 1997

台灣醫誌（JFMA）從創誌1902年9月至1997年12月，其發刊期間將近100年。但關於JFMA變遷的論文鮮見，本篇是JFMA變遷分析探討的首篇論文。我們以論文數目、著者人類、著者性別，著者國籍、使用語言、及第一著者所屬機構等六個向度分析並探討JFMA的論文數目與筆者特色。綜觀JFMA與台灣社會、經濟、政治的互動關係，並依其每年刊出論文之數目，可將此近100年之期間分為七個時期：日治時代的搖籃期，第一成長期，第一成熟期；太平洋戰爭終戰後的停頓期，恢復期，第二成長期，第二成熟期。各期皆有其特色。搖籃期（1902~1922年）：每年論文數目為45.6±5.5(10~91)篇。絕大部分論文都以日文撰寫。首次本國人著者出現於1905年。每篇論文著者人數平均為1.2人左右。第一成長期（1923~1933年）：每年論文數目為74.0±11.4(28~147)篇，由28篇逐漸增加到147篇，首次女性著者出現於1933年但隨後並無顯著增加，本國人著者的比例增減不定，最多20%左右。第一成熟期（1934~1944年）：每年論文數目為134.5±6.1(112~186)篇，日治時期論文數目最多年的1936年高達186篇，本國人著者的比例逐漸增加到40%左右。停頓期（1945~1949年）：每年論文數目為30.4±4.8(14~43)篇，受太平洋戰爭的影響明顯下降，1948年本國人著者比例直昇至94.4%，日文仍是主要使用語言，占論文總數的約半數，英文與中文的比例各占四分之一，每篇論文著者人數平均仍維持於1.2人左右，第一著者大部分都是來自台灣大學醫學院。恢復期（1950~1969年）：每年論文數目為72.3±5.3(31~119)篇，變動極大。主要使用語文，恢復期的頭5年為中文，後10年由英文取代至今，女性研究者於1962年始超過10人，每篇論文著者人數平均為2.0人左右，60%至80%的第一著者仍來自台灣大學醫學院。第二成長期（1970~1986年）：每年論文數目為109.1±9.9(53~177)篇，從53篇漸漸增加至177篇。英文是主要語文，中文論文的比例曾有短期性的增加。每篇論文著者人數平均持續增加到1984年3.5人左右。女性著者比例安定維持於10%左右至今。隨著長庚醫院（現長庚醫學院），陽明醫學院等新設醫學院或醫院的興起，第一著者來自台灣大學醫學院的比例降低為40%左右。第二成熟期（1987~1997年）：每年論文數目為198.7±9.3(153~262)篇，1992年的論文數目為JFMA史上最多的262篇。1995年至1997年，JFMA論文數目稍減但安定維持於150篇至170篇。1996年以後論文全數以英文撰寫，每篇著者人數平均一度增加到1987年的4.5人，但1988年以後有下降趨勢1997年為3.8人。所屬十所醫學院論文發表數前三所醫學院的第一著者比例約70%。

The first issue of the Journal of the Formosan Medical Association(JFMA)was published in 1902,7 years after the Japanese occupation of Taiwan began. Since its inception, the JFMA has been a monthly publication covering academic articles on various medical disciplines. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of papers(NP)published per year, the mean number of authors per paper, the gender distribution of the authors, the nationality of the first authors, languages used in the journal, and the affiliations of the first authors. We examined the findings of these categories in seven historical epochs. Data of the 8893 articles published in the JFMA from 1902 to 1997 were obtained from computer records of index issues of the journal. The relationships between these data and the social, economic, and political environments in Taiwan in each of the seven epochs were then assessed. The cradle phase (1902-1922): The mean NP per year was 45.6 (range, 10 to 91) papers; almost all papers were written in Japanese by Japanese authors; the first Taiwanese author appeared in 1905. The first growth phase (1923-1933): The annual NP steadily increased from 28 papers in 1923 to 147 in 1933, with a mean of 74.0; the first female author appeared in 1933; about 20% of the first authors were Taiwanese who had graduated from Taihoku (Taipei) Medical College. The first maturation phase (1934-1944): The mean NP reached 134.5; about 40% of the first authors were Taiwanese who had received their medical education and training in Taiwan; some papers were published in English, German, or French. The post-war recession (1945-1949): The post-war impact compelled the JFMA to publish irregular or combined issues; the mean NP markedly decreased to 30.4; papers written in Chinese or English gradually replaced articles in Japanese; Taiwanese authors became predominant (94% in 1948); the mean number of authors per paper was 1.2. The transitional stage (1950-1969): The NP fluctuated widely from year to year, reflecting the unstable medical research environment in Taiwan during this period; the mean annual NP was 72.3; the proportion of papers from regional hospitals and foreign countries began to increase; English became the most commonly used language. The second growth phase (1970-1986): The annual NP rose dramatically from 53 in 1970 to 177 in 1985, with a mean of 109.1; the mean number of authors per paper was 3.5; 60% of the papers came from newly established medical schools or teaching hospitals all over Taiwan; 10% of the first authors were female. The second maturation phase (1987-1997): After radical changes in editorial policy and journal style in 1987, the annual NP increased further in the subsequent 5 years, reaching 262 papers in 1992; the mean NP has been on the decline since 1993, because of the increased rejection rates in recent years; all papers in the JFMA have been published in English since 1996.