2014年刑事法發展回顧：刑法謙抑性的再檢視

Developments in the Law in 2014 : Review of Restraining Criminal Law Principle

本文整理去年刑事實體法的相關實務見解，篩選出若干議題，檢視最高法院在各個判決中，是否於罪刑法定的文義解釋範圍內，妥適地運用解釋方法，並判斷其在適用法律概念時所採取的標準是否符合刑法謙抑性、法益的體系解釋、罪刑均衡等原則。本文挑選三項主要議題加以討論，首先檢討財產犯罪中物與利益區分的概念；其次討論公務員犯罪罪章，並著重於刑法總則公務員的定義以及實質影響力二子題。公務員定義的問題近年來爭議頗多，其中包括所謂「公共事務」應如何定義；實務雖然傾向限縮解釋，但是其論理能否合理而前後一貫，值得觀察。最後則討論妨礙性自主罪章中乘機性交罪的認定標準，以及其與強制性交罪、加重強制性交罪間的適用。在爬梳各議題中實務所採取的標準之後，本文進行進一步的分析，並提出看法。

By reviewing the opinions and insights of Supreme Court on criminal law in the last year, this study chooses some important issues to investigate each chosen decisions whether these do properly use the dogmatic methods within the range of literal interpretation under “Nulla poena sine lege (no penalty without a law)” and to determine whether the criteria given by Supreme Court does meet the requirement of restraining criminal law principle, systematic interpretation of legal good, and the principle of proportionality or not. This article focuses on three main issues to discussion. First, this study reviews the concept that distinguishes between substance and interest in the property crime, and then discusses about public official crime, especially two subtopics the definition of the public official in the general provisions and substantial influence. There are a lots of discussion about the problems of the definition of public official in recent years, including how the so-called “public affairs” should be defined. While the court inclines to take a narrow literal interpretation, it’s still worth observation. In the end, this study discusses the criteria of sexual offenses Art. 225. After reviewing standards taken each issues, this article will give further analysis.