被遺忘的權利：比較法之觀察

Right to be Forgotten: Observations from the Perspectives of Comparative Law

網際網路世界牽涉聲譽、隱私及資料保護最重要的挑戰之一即數位記憶無限制之本質，然「當個人的資料在已無正當目的之需要下，本人應有權使其資料不再顯現及加以刪除」，個人資料在網路上被不同之使用者以多樣之方式蒐集、儲存及使用，成為快速流通的客體，也因此，近幾年來，「被遺忘的權利」成為受到關注之焦點。歐盟率先表態在2012年提出，本人在其個人資料已經不再需要被處理或儲存時，應有權要求從網路上刪除，歐盟根據資料保護之原理以承認被遺忘的權利為起點，希冀建構一個隱私普世之權利以適用歐盟所有公民，並提供個人就其於網路上之身分及聲譽重要之自主性，該權利源自於既存歐洲之隱私法，隱私乃歐洲人權公約賦予之基本權利而長久受到歐洲國家所實踐，被遺忘的權利彰顯了一種社會價值，作為資料隱私庇護之權利，乃民主之前提以參與社會生活及公共論壇，亦能免於社會之羞辱及公眾或私人之監視，然而上開歐盟之提議在美國卻受到負面之批評，因被遺忘的權利確實與言論自由可能出現扞格，在歐盟及美國間背後長久之文化及哲學思維存在地域差異性下，如何調和以獲致利益平衡，應為未來當努力之課題。

One of the most important challenges that Internet world involve in relation to reputation, privacy, and data protection is the unlimited nature of digital memory. But the right of individuals to have their data no longer processed and deleted when they are no longer needed for legitimate purposes. Personal data has become the currency on the Internet. It is collected, stored and used in a variety ways by different users. Over the past years, the ＂right to be forgotton＂ has been the object of increasing attention and concern. The European Union has taken the lead on right to be forgotton, proposing in 2012 that individuals should have the ability to require the deletion of their online personal information if the processing or storing of that information is no longer necessary. The European Union started recognizing the right to be forgotton in accordance with data protection principles. Hope to establishes a universal right of privacy for all citizens of the EU, and provides a significant amount of autonomy over one's identity and reputation. The right to be forgotton is deprived from existing European privacy laws. Privacy is a fundamental right granted under the European Convention for Human Rights and has long been honored by various European countries. The right to be forgotton reflects a social value and just as the umbrella right of informational privacy, constitutes a democratic prerequisite for participation to social life and public discourse, free from social disgrace, public or private surveillance. But the proposal by EU is criticized in U.S. Because there are conflicts between the right to be forgotton and freedom of speech. How to harmonize the long cultural philosophical divisions between EU and U. S. and reach the balance of interests, are the topic for us to struggle.