某醫學大學學生對於老人態度與老人照顧需求之認知及其相關因素之研究

A Study of Attitudes Towards the Elderly and Perception of Care Needs for the Elderly, and Related Factors Among Students in a Medical University

目的：1、探討不同學系的醫學生們對老人的態度和老人照顧需求之認知；2、探討研究對象基本屬性對老人態度及老人照顧需求之認知的影響；3、預測影響研究對象對老人照顧需求認知之重要因素。方法：本研究採用橫斷式研究設計，以北部某醫學大學的大學生為對象，採立意取樣原則，共收案419位。工具除基本屬性資料外，另包括老人態度量表和老人照護需求之認知量表。資料以SPSS17.0版軟體建檔，採用描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關與多元迴歸等方法進行統計分析。結果：不同學系的醫學生們對老人的態度和老人照顧需求之認知具有顯著的差異（F＝2.08，p＜.05；F＝4.24，p＜.001）；研究對象為女性、家庭祖孫經驗良好者、曾修過老年相關課程和修課學分曾與長輩共同完成作業者，其整體對老人的態度得分較高。本研究對象對老人照顧需求的認知排序，以醫療照顧需求得分最高，一般照顧需求得分最低。研究對象對老人的態度與老人照顧需求之認知具有統計顯著的正相關（r＝0.18，p＜.01）。影響研究對象對老人照顧需求之認知的三個自變項中，以「未來投入老人相關職涯意願」可以解釋對老人照顧需求之認知的變異量最大。結論：未來建議於醫學的基礎教育中，宜增加學生與長者互動學習的機會，且針對男性學生需加強培養正向的老人態度的課程，並使學生們能體認老年期整體性照顧需求的重要性。Purpose: (1) To explore the attitudes towards the elderly and the perception of care needs for the elderly among medical students; (2) To explore basic demographics of medical students and assess if this has an impact on attitudes and perceptions of care needs towards the elderly; (3) To predict variables associated with medical students' perception of care needs for the elderly.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional research design; 419 subjects were sampled by purposeful sampling from one medical university in northern Taiwan. Instruments included basic demographic data, a scale measuring attitudes towards the elderly (Attitudes Towards Elderly Scale (ATES)) and a scale measuring the perception of care needs for the elderly (Perception of Care Needs for Elderly Scale(PCNES)). SPSS 17.0. was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression were used for statistical analysis.Results: There were statistically significant differences in the attitudes towards the elderly and the perception of care needs for the elderly among different departments of medical students (F=2.08, p<.05; F=4.24; p<.001). Subjects who were female, had positive relationships with their grandparents and had taken age-related courses, or who had completed homework with older adults, showed higher scores and more positive attitudes towards the elderly. Research subjects ranked the dimension of care needs for the elderly, the highest score in medical care needs, and the lowest score in perception of general care needs. There was a positive correlation between the attitudes towards the elderly and the perception of care needs for the elderly (r=0.18, p<.01). The variable of 'willingness towards geriatric medicine as their specialty' explained the largest variation in three independent variables of perception of care needs for the elderly.Conclusion: Results suggest that there is a need to increase the opportunity for interactions with the elderly, and to provide additional training for male medical students in their attitudes and perceptions towards the elderly. Moreover, in order to develop more positive attitudes and perceptions for the elderly, it would be beneficial to provide a program of holistic health care during students' medical training.