產後婦女體重變化相關因素之探討

Relationship of Weight Changes in Postpartum Women

本研究之目的在瞭解產後滿6個月婦女體重變化的情形，並且探討產後體重變化的相關因素。研究採描述相關性設計，以桃園縣某家醫學中心生產，且產後滿6個月的婦女為研究對象。運用調閱醫院病歷和郵寄問卷的方式來獲得相關資料，回收有效問卷602份，反應率為74.3%。研究結果顯示：懷孕前平均BMI值為21.5±3.3kg/平方公尺，產後6個月為22.5±3.4kg/平方公尺；懷孕期體重平均增加14.1±4.4公斤；產後6個月體重則是平均增加2.4±3.6公斤。懷孕前體重過重與肥胖率為18.3%，產後6個月提昇為27.6%。婦女的產次和吸菸會影響產後體重的變化，產次為第一胎及有吸菸的婦女，產後體重增加較多；懷孕前體重、懷孕期體重增加值、整體健康促進生活型態、健康責任及營養是產後體重變化的相關因素，其中以懷孕期體重增加值的相關性最強。懷孕期體重增加值和懷孕前體重是產後體重變化最重要的預測因子，可以解釋53.3%的總變異量。研究建議應重視婦女於懷孕前的體重控制，並且要適當控制懷孕期體重的增加，同時提供健康促進生活型態修正之策略，以期達到預防產後體重增加和促進婦女健康之目的。The purpose of the study was to explore change and the factors affecting postpartum weight. The study utilized a descriptive correlational design. Subjects were women selected from the delivery unit of a medical center located Taoyuan county, Taiwan, who had given birth 6 months earlier. A total of 602 effective questionnaires were retrieved, with a response rate of 74.3%. The results showed that pre-pregnancy BMI was 21.5±3.3, and 6 months postpartum BMI was 22.5±3.4. The mean weight gain during pregnancy was 14.1±4.4Kg, and weight gain at 6 months postpartum was 2.4±3.6Kg. Overweight and obesity rates increased from 18.3% before pregnancy to 27.6% at 6 months postpartum. Primiparas and cigarette smoking subjects showed a greater postpartum weight gain. Pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, overall health-promoting lifestyle, health responsibility, and nutrition were correlated significantly to postpartum weight change. Gestational weight gain was the variable most highly correlated to postpartum weight change. Gestational weight gain and pre-pregnancy weight were the most significant predictors, which explained 53.3% of the variance in postpartum weight change. The research suggests a need for weight control before pregnancy to control gestational weight gain, and a need to provide strategies for health-promoting lifestyle modifications. The goal was to prevent postpartum weight gain and promote women's health.