利用繪畫探索學齡前期住院兒童之內心世界

Using Drawing to Explore the Inner World ofHospitalized Preschool Children

住院對兒童而言是一個極大的壓力事件，當兒童住院時，他們必須忍受許多治療及檢查程序，在不熟悉的醫院環境和醫療人員談有關住院的感覺，兒童會有不舒服的感覺，故本文藉由投射技巧中的繪畫來探討學齡前期兒童住院的感受。請個案住院的第一或第二天畫第一張圖，圖畫的主題以住院的注射為其記憶最深刻或最害怕的事，畫中的人物外形多有不完整的情形，線條則以黑色或紅色為主，而旁邊常伴有巨大的注射用具，顯示注射對其造成的焦慮及疼痛。當個案得知可出院時再畫第二張圖，此時的人物外形不但可符合其年齡的發展層次，構圖的整體性也更加生動活潑及更多色彩，可見其焦慮已減低許多，因此不同時間的畫可看出兒童的情緒及心理社會的變化。繪畫的介入不但可開啟溝通及獲得資料來源，也可賦予住院兒童人性化的照護，以減輕住院造成的負向影響。Hospitalization has been recognized as a stressful event for chi1dren. Whi1e children are hospita1ized, they endure many treatments and procedures. This study utilizes the projective technique of drawing to explore preschoo1 chi1dren' s fee1ings about hospitalization. Chi1dren were asked to make two or three drawings in the firrst two days after admission and before discharge. The topic of the first drawing indicated that what chi1dren feared the most was injections. The body shape was often distorted. The drawings imp1ied that they were anxious and in pain. The topic of the second drawing was more 1ive1y and colorful. It fit their deve10pmenta1 1evel. The chi1dr凹's psychosocial and emotiona1 progress were eva1uated as a function of changes in drawings over time. Drawing not on1y aids in comrnunicating with children, but also gives them nurturing care and alleviates the negative effects of hospita1ization.