「器官移植」倫理議題的探討——比較醫護人員、宗教界及法界人士的看法

The Ethical Issues of Organ Transplantation - A Comparative Study of the Perspectives of Medical Professionals, Legal Professionals and the Religious Representatives

本研究旨在探討我國醫護人員、宗教界及法界人士對器官移植倫理議題的看法及其影響因素。採立意取樣，以台北地區的醫師、護理人員220 人；法師、牧師傳道人和神父修士修女351 人；律師、法官、檢察官及法學教師711 人為研究對象，採結構性問卷收集資料，共發出1282 份，有效回收問卷557份，有效回收率43.4%。研究結果顯示：醫護人員、宗教界及法界人士對「器官移植」議題看法上大多持同意態度，以醫護人員最贊成。認為器官分配的原則應以公平和效益並重；但對「生前無明顯反對器官捐贈者，死後由其親屬代為同意捐贈」和「死刑犯器官捐贈」較不贊成。且醫護人員對「器官移植」的看法與宗教界、法界人士的看法有顯著差異。而個人屬性中的婚姻、教育程度、宗教信仰和職業會影響其對「器官移植」的看法。本研究的結果，可作為醫學倫理教育及末來器官移植相關法律修訂的參考。The purposes of this study are to : to explore the perspectives of medical professionals, legal professionals and the religious representatives regarding the ethical issues on organ transplantation; to investigate the relationship between demographic factors and the variety of ethical judgments and decisions made on controversial clinical issues. The target research population was set at three groups of people in Taipei area. Through the process of convenient sampling, 207 nurses and doctors were selected from two regional hospitals, 152 legal professionals from lawyers, judges, and law school teachers, and 198 religious representatives, including priests, nuns, monks and others. The tool of this study includes clinical ethical questions and demographic information. 1, 282 questionnaires were sent out, and 557 valid questionnaires were collected. The response rate was 43 .4%. The major findings of the study are as follows. On issues of organ transplantation, professionals from all three sectors tend to be supportive. All parties also agree that the principles governing organ distribution should be based on fairness and efficacy. There are slight disagreements on whether the decedent's family can decide to donate his or her organs when the decedent had not clearly indicated his or her intention on this matter before death, and on the issues regarding organ donation from the death roll. Demographic factors affecting the ethical perspectives on organ transplantation include marital status, educational level, religious belief and profession. In summary, the results of this study can serve as a reference for medical ethics education and for revising organ transplantation regulations in the future.