母乳哺餵作業之改善

The Improvement ofBreast-feeding Work

母乳哺餵新生兒是人類最傳統及自然育兒方式，而母乳豐富之營養亦是上天賜給嬰兒最美好之食物。母乳哺餵的影響因素，包括母親身體方面：生產方式、母親健康狀況，心理方面：信心、經驗、技巧，社會方面：醫療環境、醫療處置、醫護人員知識、態度、哺餵時機等，其中醫護人員的支持和衛教，是重要因素之一。醫護人有正確觀念了解哺餵母乳的相關因素，才能及早預防及處理母乳哺餵問題減少母親的挫折感；另外醫療系統作業不夠彈性：如硬性餵奶時間的規定、輔助品的，專業人員的知識、支持及指導不夠，皆會失去成功哺餵母乳的契機。 本專案進行期間針對任職機構婦產科門診、產房、產科病房、嬰之護理人員，以不具名方式進行母乳的優缺點、母乳哺餵及常見問題護理知識測試。測試資料採SPSS10.0 for window套裝軟體進行分析，測試結果回收率93%。護理人員職級以N3人員53.3%居多，資歷3年以上佔48%，教育程度專科佔78.65，未婚者佔73.3%，無哺乳經驗者佔82.7%。護理人員對母乳哺餵知識平均得分19.8，答對率為65.5%，其中護理人員基本七性與母乳哺餵知識之目關性中以婚姻具差異（p<0.05）。定母乳哺餵政策、制定母乳餵作業細則、醫療環境設備改善及提升護理人員母乳知案改善後，護理人員對母乳知識平均得分24.01，答對率由65.5%提昇至83%，筆者任職之機構產婦母乳哺餵率由62%提昇至91%。Breast-feeding of newborns is the most traditional and natural way of human beings' parenting, and its plentiful nutrition for newborns is also the best gift of food from heaven. There are some influential factors of breast-feeding, for example, mothers' bodies (lack of knowledge, way of delivery, health condition), mentality (confidence, experiences, techniques), society (medical environment and treatment, nursing practitioners' knowledge, attitude, , and feeding time), and among which, professional support and sanitary education are very important. Having correct concepts of breast-feeding, nursing practitioners can prevent and help deal with related feeding problems so as to decrease mothers' frustration; however, the inflexibility of the medical system, such as fixed regulation of feeding time, professional knowledge, lack of support and instruction, can lead to the failure of breast-feeding.