運動誘發性氣喘衛教對氣喘患者成效之探討

The Effectiveness of an Exercise-induced Asthma Education Program in Patients with Asthma

本研究金史的目的在探討成人氣喘患者對運動誘發性氣喘（exercise-induced asthma；EIA）的認知、預防首處理運動誘發性氣喘之自我效能及行為，以及身體活動動態；並探討EIA衛教的成效。研究採實驗設計法（experimental design）、立意取樣，於南部某醫學中心胸腔科門診進行資料收集，資料收集時間為90年3月1日至90年6月15日，共有57位符合條件的個案，以亂數表之方式將個案隨機分配至實驗組29陽，控制組28人。研究結果顯示（一）成人氣喘患者對運發性氣喘認知得分為10.84+-1.83、EIA預防及處理行為自我效能得分為87.23+-13.32，身體活動狀態得分為40.49+-11.70，均屬中上程度，而EIA預防及處理行為得分為68.65+-15.76，屬中級程度。（二）EIA衛教確實可有效改善氣喘患者對EIA的認知程度、EIA預防及處理行為自我效能、行為（p<0.01）及身體活動狀態（p<0.05）。本研究結果支持EIA衛教育有其效益，可作為臨床護理人員提昇氣喘患者照護品質之參考。The purposes of the study were to explore the knowledge of exercise-induced asthma (EIA), self-efficacy of EIA prevention and management, prevention and management of EIA behavior, and physical activities, as well as to build up and education program and test its effectiveness. Experiment design and purposive sampling were utilized. The study was conducted at the outpatient department of a medical center in southern Taiwan. Fifty-seven patients with asthma were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n=29) or a control group (n=28). Results were as follows: (1) The scores of knowledge of EIA(10.84+-1.83), of self-efficacy of EIA prevention and management (87.23+-13.32), and of physical activities (40.49+-11.70) were at a moderately high level . Prevention and management of EIA behaviors (68.65+-15.76) were at a moderate level. (2) The experimental group showed a significant improvement in EIA knowledge, self-efficacy of prevention and management EIA, prevention and management EIA behaviors (p<0.01), and physical activities (p<0.05). The findings of this study support the effectiveness of exercise-induced asthma education program, which can be used for clinical nurses to improve the quality of care in patients with asthma.