臺灣傳統漢人墳墓的墓作變貌與文化意義

The Change of Han People's Traditional Tomb-Building Techniques and Cultural Significance in Taiwan

為解決來自社會的、墓地環境及技術供需的動態性需求或衝突，臺灣漢人墓作具體展現的概念，包括公墓用地越來越有限而墳墓施作更加的富變化；傳統葬俗接受了包括祖塔在內的新式墓作；以及將經營祖墳視為敦睦宗族的思維。墓作常有創見與轉變的臺灣傳統漢人墳墓，其根深柢固的且具活力的文化意義，主要在於相對葬地不足及火葬盛行的衝擊，為了妥善保存先人屍骨而促使傳統葬法持續流傳；以及在積極維護祖墳的概念下，追求繁飾的與頻繁修墓的社會態度。本文將選擇長時期存在的，及目前尚有後裔祭掃的傳統墳墓做為研究對象。並從公墓與祖墳的互動經驗、墓作技術的施作項目與發展、從簡樸到繁飾的墓作思維等面向，提出臺灣漢人墳墓如何的流傳與適用於當下的敘述。In order to solve the dynamic requirement and conflict from the society, the tomb environment, and techniques, Han people's tomb-building techniques in Taiwan display general concepts such as more and more limited public graveyard and more and more updated tomb building. The traditional burial custom accepts new tomb building such as ancestral pagodas. The management of ancestral tombs is taken as the thought of promoting friendly relations with relatives.Judged from the change of Han people's traditional tomb-building techniques in Taiwan, the rooted and animated cultural significance results from the shock of deficient graveyard and prevailing cremation. In order to preserve ancestors' remains well, traditional burial is passed down. Besides, people attempt to conserve their ancestral tombs with the social attitude of the emphasizing decorations and renovating the tombs frequently.The selected subjects of the essay are traditional tombs which have existed for a long time and still been worshiped and swept by the descendents. It describes how Han people's tombs in Taiwan are passed down and suitable for the present age from several aspects, such as the interaction between public tombs and ancestral tombs, the building items and development of tomb-building techniques, and the process from simple tomb-building thoughts to complex ones.