宗教藝術在道教醮典中的運用－－以大龍峒保安宮癸未年三朝慶成福醮為例

The Application of Religious Arts in Taoist Jiao Ceremony-Ta-long Tong Pao-an Temple's Qingchan Fujiao Ceremony for Three Days in 2003 as an Example

為了慶祝社廟興建或重修落成所舉行的慶成醮典，一向是台灣漢人社會中的信仰大事，也是台灣民間最盛大的道教祭典活動。慶成醮典的舉行，除了要運用組織動員來慎重籌備，聘請主壇道長組成道士團來執行醮典科儀之外，期間並運用了許多宗教藝術，來凸顯醮典舉行的慎重，襯托出祭典的熱鬧氣氛。醮典舉行之前，要透過結壇的方式，將平時的廟宇空間轉化為舉行醮典的祭典空間；舉凡醮壇內壇中所陳置的掛軸神像、紙糊神像與帳帘諸物，外壇的裝置，燈篙的豎立，以及各種儀式用品，都是宗教藝術的呈現，也是典型的道教藝術。這些宗教藝術，都各自具有其特殊的宗教義理與儀式功能，必須將其置於醮典的儀式脈絡中來加以理解，這也是研究宗教藝術的重要旨趣。The Jiao ceremony is for celebrating the completion of restoring or constructing (qingchan jiaodan, 慶成醮典) temples, which has always been an important religious event in Taiwan society of the Han people(漢人) and also the greatest Taoist ceremony in Taiwan. To conduct an 'qingchan jiaodan', we need not only to mobilize and organize the local people, but also to invite a master of Taoist priests to organize a Taoist priests' group to execute the rite. During the period, we apply many religious arts to emphasize the importance of the Jiao ceremony and to warm up the atmosphere of the festival. Before the Jiao ceremony commences, we change the arrangement of the temple by building the Taotan (道壇). Everything set up in the Taotan, such as the hanging pictures of gods, the paper sculptures and drapes, etc, and outside of the Taotan (waitan, 外壇), like bamboo lamps and many other ritual articles for use, is a display of religious art and also represents typical Taoist art. Religious art, having their own particular religious meanings and ritual functions, must be put into the ritual context of the Jiao ceremony to understand it, and this is an important domain for the study of religious art.