| 中文摘要 |
禪宗為晚唐、五代以來中國佛教之主流。北宋上承五代，雲門、臨濟二宗，獨盛於天下。南宋時，雲門之道遂微，臨濟黃龍派漸衰，楊岐派弘播日盛，因而進為主流，復臨濟本宗之稱。松源崇岳承自密庵咸傑為臨濟宗十四世孫，為楊岐派中虎丘派之傑出後勁，弘揚臨濟棒喝之宗風。二十三歲出家，首造靈石妙公；再謁大慧宗杲於徑山，未契；後扣應庵曇華，被視為法器；另參「大慧派」之木庵安永；復禮密庵咸傑。八坐道場，皆名山大寺。其禪思取徑凡三：（一）強調解脫無門的心地工夫；（二）提示「開口不在舌頭上」；（三）實踐禪法於日常生活之中。而其激烈、默然、機用雙運、平實無欺之禪風，不僅在本土為眾所稱，尚遠傳東瀛，在日本禪宗史上佔有一席之地。Chan/Zen Buddhism was the mainstream of the Chinese Buddhism in the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties. In fact from the Five Dynasties to the Northern Song Dynasty, only Yunmen Buddhism and Linji Buddhism were popular among the people. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Yunmen Buddhism declined gradually, and Huanglong branch of the Linji Lineage also declined continuously. Meanwhile, the Yangqi Lineage was spread more and more extensively and prosperously. Finally, it became the mainstream, and was considered resuming the origin of Linji Buddhism. Songyuan Chongyue, succeeding Mi'an Xianjie, was an offspring of the 14th generation of Linji Buddhism, and an outstanding representative of Huqiu branch of the Yangqi Lineage. He spread the stick hitting style of Linji Buddhism. At the age of 23, he became a monk, and visited Lingshi Miaogong at fi rst. Then he called on Dahui Zonggao at Mount Jing, but was not accepted. After that, he called on Ying'an Tanhua, who regarded him as a dharma vessel. He then visited Mu'an An'yong of the Dahui branch, and then paid homage to Mi'an Xianjie. There were eight Buddhist sites established. All of them were great temples situated on famous mountains. His Zen thinking covered three main areas: (1) It emphasized the heart work when there was no way to get released; (2) It hinted 'speaking without using the tongue'; and (3) It practiced Zen rules in daily life. As to his Zen styles, including intensity, silence, wise use of double luck, simplicity and no cheating, they were praised not only by the people of China, but also by the people of Japan. He earned a place in the history of Zen Buddhism in Japan. |
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