訊息處理的實徵探討－－關於籃球比賽暫停決策

An empirical study of information processing: associated with basketball timeout decisions

目的：探討比分差距及分距改變率與籃球教練暫停決策行為之關係。方法：資料來自國內2003年社會甲組籃球聯賽，共93場641次教練暫停紀錄，以分數差距與時間及分數差距及時間比的斜率模式做比較。結果：1、教練在每節請求暫停的時間上呈現，以8分鐘至10分鐘33.9％最多；教練最常請求暫停的比分差距在球隊最高為領先0分時4.9％。2、以單因子變異數分析教練間在領先及落後暫停請求的斜率，皆未達顯著（領先時F＝.898，p＝.556；落後時F＝1.770，p＝.080）。結論：發現對於教練口中難以量化的「經驗」，在時間及比分差距的動態改變中，存在一定的規則，且生態心理學派的訊息處理較認知心理學派訊息處理更能解釋教練請求暫停的因素，這種現象亦對於人類訊息處理歷程的論證提供有力的證據。因此，人類對於部分訊息處理的方式是透過對環境訊息的整合，再予以類化或判斷的處理，並非是刺激、處理、反應之間的關係。Purpose: This study explored the difference of team scores and the ratio of scores and remaining time associated with the behaviors of decision making among basketball coaches. Method: 641 time-out decision records collected from 93 games in Taiwan national basketball league were compared in 1. score differences and 2. ratio of time-out called and score differences. Results: 1. the time coaches called time-out most were between 8th to 10th minutes for 217 times (33.9%). The score difference called time-out most was zero point ahead from the opponent for 4.9%. 2. it did not show significant difference in terms of ratio between lead and behind. For leading, F equaled to 0.898 and p equaled to 0.556 and for behind, F equaled to 1.770 and p equaled to 0.080. Conclusion: There existed certain principles between time and score differences and such experience of coaches seemed to be hard to quantify. The ratio of time-out called and score differences revealed better explanation than simply score differences. It proved a powerful evidence associated with information processing. Therefore, the way to process information was to integrate the information from environment and process in different systematic way, not merely stimulate, process, or the relation among response.