運動與吸菸對氧化壓力的影響

Effects of exercise and smoking on oxidative stress

"目的：探討單次高強度運動誘發之氧化壓力對規律運動及／或長期吸菸者血液氧化指標及抗氧化酶活性的影響。方法：本研究分為控制組（C組）、運動組（E組）、吸菸組（S組）及吸菸加運動組（ES組）共四組，每組人數各為男性8人，共32人。實驗處理以跑步機實施85％V.O2max的強度進行單次高強度運動至衰竭，並於運動前、後採集血液樣本分析血漿乳酸濃度、硫巴比妥酸反應物質（TBARS）濃度、氧化態低密度脂蛋白濃度（oxLDL）及紅血球溶胞液的過氧化氫酶（CAT）活性、麩胱甘肽過氧化酶（GPx）活性、超氧離子歧化酶（SOD）活性等。所得數據以獨立樣本t考驗、單因子變異數分析與雙因子（運動×吸菸）共變數分析（ANCOVA）檢定。結果：除血漿乳酸濃度各組運動後皆顯著高於運動前（p＜.05）外，其餘指標運動前後並無顯著差異。運動前各指標的比較如下：ES組GPx活性顯著高於E組（p＜.05）；E組、S組及ES組的SOD活性皆顯著高於C組（p＜.05），且ES組亦顯著高於E組（p＜.05）；E組CAT活性稍高於C組，ES組亦稍高於S組（惟未達顯著水準）；吸菸組（ES組及S組）血漿oxLDL顯著高於不吸菸組（C組及E組）（p＜.05），而血漿TBARS則無差異。結論：單次高強度運動並不會對吸菸者造成更高的氧化壓力，但不同的刺激源（規律運動與吸菸）對於體內抗氧化酶系統可能具有加成的效果，規律運動者其紅血球抗氧化酶活性較高。此外，雖然有規律運動的吸菸者抗氧化酶活性顯著高於無規律運動吸菸者，但長期吸菸仍可能因較高的氧化壓力而催化氧化態低密度脂蛋白的產生，進而增加心血管疾病危險因子。由此可知運動的益處不及吸菸所造成的氧化傷害。Purpose: To investigate the effects of oxidative stress induced by one bout of high-intensity exercise on blood oxidative indicators and activities of antioxidative enzymes in subjects with regular exercise and/or with chronic cigarette smoking. Methods: There were four groups (8 subjects for each group): control group (C group), exercise group (E group), smoking group (S group), and exercise-smoking group (ES group). Subjects performed one bout of high-intensity treadmill exercise (85% V.O2max) to volitional exhaustion. Blood samples were collected before and immediately after exercise to analyze plasma lactate, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL), and the activity of antioxidative enzymes in erythrocyte lysate, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Paired t test, independent one way ANOVA and two-way (exercise×smoking) ANCOVA were used for statistical analysis. Results: Plasma lactate was significantly higher after exercise than before exercise (p < .05). Except for plasma lactate, there were no significant differences between trials in all other variables. The GPx activity was significantly higher in ES group than in E group (p < .05). The SOD activity was significantly higher in E group, S group and ES group in comparison with the C group (p < .05), and ES group was also significantly higher than E group (p < .05). The CAT activity was slightly higher in E group than in C group, and also in ES group than in S group, but not statistically. Plasma oxLDL in subjects with cigarette smoking (ES group and S group) was significantly higher than nonsmokers (C group and E group) (p < .05). However, plasma TBARS showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusion: These results indicated that one bout of high-intensity exercise may not increase oxidative stress on smokers. But different stimulus of origin may have a cumulate effect for the system of antioxidative enzymes. The regular exercisers had higher antioxidative enzymes activity. However, though smokers who have regular exercise had higher antioxidative enzymes activity than that no regular exercise, chronic cigarette smoking may have higher oxidative stress result in catalyzed oxLDL; and increase the risks of cardiovascular disease. The advantages of exercise were not as good as the oxidative injuries of cigarette smoking."