職業運動壟斷發展與反托辣斯政策之研究

Monopolized Development and Antitrust Policy in Professional Sport

職業運動發展過程中，運動聯盟與球團業主居於自身市場利益及職業運動獨特的商業經營型態，經營模式大都朝著市場壟斷化發展。不過近年來這種市場壟斷局面，已普受到各國競爭政策─反托辣斯法的的衝擊與挑戰，職業運動市場漸趨開放與自由，反托辣斯政策可說衝擊職業運動發展最重要的政策。本研究以文獻分析方法，從歷史、法律、經濟之觀點分析，探討職業運動發展的歷史脈絡及其演生的壟斷問題，職業運動經營模式可能涉及的反托辣斯法規，職業運動在適用反托辣斯法可能引起之爭議，進而分析反托辣斯政策對職業運動發展之影響。最後根據本研究結果，針對職業運動組織、執法當局及未來研究提出相關之建議。Professional sport leagues and owners, based upon its unique industrial characteristics and their own interests, develop toward monopolization. However, due to the wide spread and challenge of Antitrust concept among nations, an open and fair competitive market gradually become main stream policy in professional sport. This paper used documentary analysis to describe and compare the evolution of monopolization in professional sport from historical, economic and judicial perspectives. Numerous litigation and practical application of antitrust policy in professional sport were analyzed. Finally, future research direction and practical recommendations were suggested.