不同年齡之男性立定垂直跳躍下肢動作在協調與控制上的差異

Age Differences of Coordination and Control on Lower Limb During Vertical Jump

在動作發展的研究中若能藉由一些參數來觀察動作表現在協調與控制上的轉變，並以運動力學的原理探討這差異對跳躍表現的影響，才能對一個動作型態的改變與造成表現差異的原因有更清楚的了解。本研究以一塊測力板與一台高速攝影機同步，擷取跳躍動作過程中下肢的運動學參數與地面反作用力值，並從協調與控制的觀點來分析6歲12歲與18歲（各9人）之男性其立定垂直跳躍下肢動作在發展上的年齡差異。採用獨立樣本單因子分析與3×3二因子（年齡×關節）混合設計之統計方式分別檢驗各年齡組在各項參數間的差異，顯著水準定為α＝.05。結果指出，在協調能力上從各關節推蹬動作出現的時宜與最大關節速度出現的時宜知道並無年齡差異，而從動作時間、重心與關節位移量、重心與關節最大合速度及推蹬衝量知道控制能力有年齡差異，且這些控制參數的差異皆是造成跳躍高度不同的原因。而造成控制能力的差異應與神經機制與生理特質的成長與成熟有關。This study was to investigate the age differences of coordination and control during vertical jump. A Peak high-speed camera was used to record vertical jump action in sagittal plane. Kistler force plate (600Hz) was synchronized to collect the horizontal and vertical ground reaction forces. Twenty-seven males participated this study. They were divided into three groups: 6-year-olds, 12-year-olds and 18-year-olds. Two-way ANOVA was used to test the differences among ages and timing of movement on each joint. One-way ANOVA was used to test other variables. Statistical significant level was set at P<0.05. The result indicated that, there were no significant differences in the timing of initiation propulsive and peak velocity of hip, knee and ankle. Significant age differences were found in movement time, range of motion, peak velocity and impulse. The coordination ability during vertical jump was mature for 6-year-olds and 12-year-olds but not in control ability.