單次運動與年齡對於身體的葡萄糖耐受度之影響

Age-Dependent Deterioration in Glucose Tolerance Can be Temporaray Prevented by Swimming or Korfball Trainings

葡萄糖耐受度（glucose tolerance）為身體是否發展第二型糖尿病的重要預測指標。本研究的首要目的，為比較健康中年人與年輕成人在身體葡萄糖耐受度上之差異。此外，為了比較運動型態對於身體葡萄糖耐受度影響的特殊性，合球與游泳兩種不同類型運動的立即效應（immediate effect），也在本研究中進行比較。受試者包含十位中年成人（年齡46±2.0歲）與十五位年輕成人（年齡20±0.5歲）共同參與。受試者在在隔夜空腹的狀況下進行口服葡萄糖耐受度試驗（oral glucose tolerance test），受測前兩天內未進行明顯運動訓練。兩個年齡層之受試者在BMI、體脂肪比與空腹血糖均無統計上的顯著差異。然而，身體在攝取75公克葡萄糖的狀態下，中年受試者在口服葡萄糖後50與80分鐘之血糖濃度顯著較年輕受試者高（p＜0.05），顯示葡萄糖耐受度之差異與年齡有關。四十五分鐘的合球訓練與相同時間的游泳訓練，均能快速明顯提昇身體的葡萄糖耐受度。然而此即時效應在24小時內消失。結論：本研究發現此兩類型的運動均可暫時性的改善葡萄糖耐受度。此外，僅就觀察目前台灣醫療院所健檢常使用的「空腹血糖濃度」，對於偵測身體因老化或肥胖而導致的血糖控制能力衰退，並不是一個敏感的指標。此外，由於單次合球運動對於提昇身體葡萄糖耐受度之影響有其時效限制，因此建議如果以合球運動型態作為維持正常血糖控制之運動時，應每天持續進行來避免運動效應的衰減。Glucose tolerance is a predictor for development of type II diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the study was to compare the age difference in glucose tolerance in lean and physically active adult. Effect of korfball and swimming activities on glucose tolerance was also investigated in this study. Ten middle-age (age 46±2.0) and fifteen young (age 20±0.5) subjects were participated in this study. There is no significant difference in BMI, % body fat, and fasting glucose level between two age groups. Significant difference of blood glucose levels between two age groups was found under glucose challenge condition. Both 45-min korfball and swimming activities significantly improved glucose tolerance in middle-age subjects and young subjects. However, this acute effect of exercise on glycemic control was reverse within 24 hours. These results suggest 1) both exercise modes could cause an anti-aging effect on glycemic control; 2) regular daily exercise was recommended for aged individual who likes to maintain their normal function on glycemic control.