由航空網路觀點分析亞太地區機場之競爭潛力

Analyzing Competitive Potential of Airports in the Asia-Pacific Region from an Airline Network Perspective

由於中國龐大航空市場加入，導致尚未發展成熟之亞太地區航空網路於近年來有大幅度的成長變動，而機場競爭將直接影響整體航空網路之發展趨勢。機場競爭有許多層面的因素，而各因素皆直接或間接的顯現於機場的航空網路，因此，本研究以航空網路的觀點，分別使用靠近中心性指標與中介中心性指標，分析亞太地區14座主要競爭機場於直航與中轉之競爭潛力。結果顯示，北京首都機場、上海浦東機場、廣州白雲機場及韓國仁川機場皆占有優勢的地理位置潛力；而臺灣桃園機場並非如預期擁有相對地理位置優勢，近年來的航班數成長多仰賴中國航點的開闢。為提升競爭力，需掌握較有優勢的航線，例如東南亞中轉至北美洲航線，以及充分利用拓展與中國之間之連繫。The huge air market emerging in China has recently resulted in a significant change of immature Asia-Pacific air network. During the process of re-shaping the airline networks, competition among major airports surely have played substantial roles on the developments. Multifaceted competition exists among major airports. The impacts of various factors eventually will reflect directly or indirectly in the flight networks. Therefore, in this study, the competitive potential of 14 Asia-Pacific major airports was analyzed from the perspective of airline networks by using two kinds of centrality indices, which represent an airport's direct connecting and hubbing potential, respectively. Among the 14 Asia-Pacific major airports, the result showed that three Chinese airports including Beijing Airport, Shanghai Airport, and Guangzhou Airport have the best competitive potential. Incheon Airport also has good competitive potential, and has already achieved significant advancement. In contrast, Taiwan Taoyuan Airport doesn't have the significant competitive potential as expected. Its growth in recent years depends mostly on the flights between Taiwan and China. To be competitive, we need to grasp and make full use of the advantage routes, such as the route from Southeast Asia to North America and the routes connecting to China.