國際投資法與比較公法——一些基本問題

International Investment Law and Comparative Public Law: Some Fundamental Issues

本文旨在提出拖過引進公法方法，來理解與建構國際投資法。第一部分將說明完善國際投資法和中才知不足的新概念方法的必要性。第二部分指出制度上的改革可行性不高，若要增加國際投資關係的可接受性、可靠性以及合法性，最有希望的方法是通過實際系統性的內部方法。第三部分揭示上述方法應當強調：國際投資法本質上為國際公法的一個學科，承認經典國際法與商事仲裁的區別。第四部分提出，通過仲裁庭對以條約為中心的投資保護標準的精心發展與具體化，國際投資中才逐漸發展成為一種全球治理機制，對東道國和投資者產生影響。最後在第五部分中，將引入比較公法的方法，旨在指導對國際投資條約的解釋並將其合法化，並且把此方法作為改革的來源。The author suggests taking a public law approach in conceptualizing and understanding international investment law. This article provides an introduction to the conceptual foundations. In a first step, it points to the reasons why new conceptual approaches are necessary in order to remedy the discontents that have emerged in relation to international investment law and arbitration (Part I). Thereafter, this article suggests that, institutional reform not being likely, the most promising avenue to increase acceptance, accountability, and legitimacy in international investment relations is via system-internal approaches ( Part II). These approaches should stress the nature of international investment law as a genuinely public law discipline, recognizing differences with classical international law and commercial arbitration (Part Ill). Investment treaty arbitration, thus, increasingly develops into a mechanism of global governance with arbitral tribunals crafting and concretizing treaty-overarching standards of investment protection with prospective effects on host states and investors (Part IV). Finally, comparative public law is introduced as a method for guiding and legitimating the interpretation of international investment treaties and as a source of reform (Part V) .