罪刑法定的路徑選擇與方法保障－－以刑法中的類型思維為中心

Path Selection and Method Guarantees of Statutory Crime and Penalty:Centered on the Thinking of Types in Criminal Law

客觀具體化和高度概括性的立法與罪刑法定會形成一種內在的緊張關係，類型化的思維有助於彌補二者之不足。因為類型處於普遍與個別的中間位置，能有效調適刑法規範與案件事實並使其在類型上形成統一體，使型法的明確性在作為類型的構成要件上得到體現。具體案件事實不是涵攝而是歸類於類型之下，所有的法律適用都是類推，在刑法上不可能嚴格禁止類推。立法上的類型是通過調適理想類型與具體案件事實群形成的，根據國民的可預測程度，自然犯的類型應相對簡潔，行政犯的類型應相對詳盡，且應採取例式法的立法模式。在具體適用中，事物的本質與事物的語言指向同一真理，解釋為類推的界限應在不法類型與可能文義之間溝通，且最終通過可能文前的以實現。There exists an inherent tension between the legislation of highly generalization and concrete ob-jectivity and nulla poena sine lege, which thinking of types lielps to overcome their deficiencies. Because the types locates in between the universal and the individual. Which can effectively adjust criminal norm and case facts and form an integration in types:The clarity of cirminal law could be reflected on constitution as types. The specific case facts are not subordinate to types, but categorized into types. All application of laws is analo-gy, it is not possible to prohibit strictly analogy in criminal law. Legislative types are formed through adapting to ideal types and specific case facts clusters. According to predictable degree of nationals the types of natural offense should be relatively concise, the types of statutory offense should be relatively detailed and take the leg-islation of precedents. In practice, the nature of ting and the lanuage of thing point to the same truth, so the boundaries of intepretation and analogy should be communicated between illeal type and possible literary con-tent, and it is achieved eventually through possible literary content.