論「後勞教時代」我國輕罪制度的建構

On the Construction of Misdemeanor System of China in the 'Post-Reeducation through Labor' Era

考察域外立法與司法，大多數國家都有比較成熟的輕罪制度體系，由於特殊的製度設計，輕罪制度在我國一直處於缺位狀態。勞動教養制度的廢止，為建構中國特色的輕罪制度提供了良好的契機。建構輕罪制度，不僅能夠有效地解決當前我國司法實踐中輕罪案件案多人少的資源配置難題，而且能夠合理地彌合我國違法犯罪行為製裁體系中的結構性斷層。輕罪制度的建構，需要轉變定性+定量的入罪邏輯，消解終身化的犯罪評價，並在此基礎上選擇只定性，不定量的入罪模式。在輕罪行為的製裁上，對以往勞教對象進行分流處理，實現行政制裁與刑事制裁之間的有效銜接，同時，在輕罪案件的處理中堅持司法權的處遇根基。除此之外，還需探索與輕罪制度相配套的'輕罪速裁'、'程序分流'、'前科消滅'及'輕緩外遇'等製度，以期在實體與程序的雙向支撐下實現輕罪制度的建構與運行。Investigations on foreigh lagislation and judiciary come to tje conclusion that most countries have relatively mature misdemeanor system. Due to the particular system layout, misdemeanor system in China has been in vacant stste. Abolition of reeducation-throuhg-labor system provides an excellent opportunity to the construction of misdemeanorsystem with Chinese characteristics. Therefore, construction of misdemesnor system in this context can effectively resolve allocation problem in the current judicial practice, but also reasonably bridge the structural chasm in the system of criminal act sanctions. Comstruction of misdemeanor system needs to transform the incriminating logic of being qualitative plus quantitative and dispel the lifelong crime evaluation and on this basis, select the incriminating mode of being quantitative, not quantitative. On the sanctions of misdemeanor acts, previous reeducation-through-labor objects should be distributed to achieve effective convergence between administrative and criminal sanctions. Meanwhile, judicial power as the treatment base should be insisted in handling misdemeanor cases.In addition, it is needed to explore other systems as supplements, including system of misdemeanor speedt trial, distribution, criminal record elimination and mitigation of dispositions, thus constructing and operating misdemeanor system under the two-way support of entity and program.