保險人說明義務之形式化危機與重構

The Formalistic Crisis and Reconstruction of Insurer's Explanation Obligation

作為我國《保險法》的創新之舉，保險人說明義務缺乏理論基礎，其根據說明對象重要程度的不同區分一般條款的說明義務和免除保險人責任條款的明確說明義務，存在邏輯上的缺陷，導致實踐中產生很多爭議。由於立法要求保險人承擔的說明義務標準過高，保險人說明義務在實踐中完全流於形式，無法實現確保投保人理解保險條款的立法目的，故應借鑑域外相關規定，引入“意外條款不訂入合同”規則和合理期待原則，切實推動保險格式條款的通俗化。As an innovation of China's Insurance Act, the insurer's explanation obligation lacks of theoretical basis. There exists logic flaw in the distinction between explanation obligation in the general clause and clear explanation obligation in the escape clause based on the different importance of object, which leads to lots of controversy in practice. As the law requires, the standard of insurer's explanation obligation is so high that the obligation becomes a mere formality in practice. As a result, the legislative goal of ensuring the applicant to understand the clause cannot be achieved. Hence, it's better to use the foreign regulation for reference and introduce the rule of“ contingency clause excluded in contract” as well as the doctrine of reasonable expectation, in order to promote the popularization of insurance format clause.