刑事司法事實自由裁量權規制研究

On the Constraint of Criminal Judical Discretion of Facts

刑事審判法官對案件的判決涉及兩個基本要素：事實和規範。事實的未定、事實和規範的路遇、規範的抽象性和規範載體的模糊性均使刑事司法遭遇事實的不確定、規範的不確定和語言的不確定，並由此衍生出刑事司法自由裁量權，以此實現事實的確定、規範的確定和語言的確定，最終實現罪與刑的確定。事實的確定是基礎、根據和前提，事實的裁定是事實自然屬性的確定，而規範的確定和語言的確定都是服務於事實法律屬性的確定。因此，刑事司法自由裁量權規制不僅包括對確定定事實法律屬性的裁量權的規制，也包括對常被忽略的確定事實真相的裁量權的規制。基於刑事司法事實裁量權的存在領域和受制因素，可通過完善程序法制、提升實體法規範質量和嚴格遵循基本原則等方式來實現刑事司法事實自由裁量權規制，從而祛除影響法官事實裁量的內在和外在因素，實現刑事司法事實裁量和最終裁判的公正。Two fundamental elements, facts and law statutes, exist in the process of a criminal decision. Uncertainty of facts, the meeting of facts and statutes, abstraction and ambiguity of language, result in three kinds of uncertainty: uncertainty of fact, uncertainty of statute, uncertainty of language, which together produce judicial discretion. The ends of judicial discretion are to determine the facts, statutes and language, which bring about the determination of crime and punishment. Determination of facts is the foundation and prerequisite of judicial decision. Discretion of facts is the determination of the its natural characteristics and the determination of statute and language serves the purpose of determining the nature of facts in law. Thus ，judicial discretion constraint includes not only the discretion of the nature of facts in law, but also the often-overlooked discretion of facts. Based on the scope and influential factors of criminal judicial discretion, perfecting criniinal procedure law, promoting the quality of substantive criminal law and applying underlying principles can restrain judicial discretion on criminal facts, and eliminate the negative internal and external elements influencing the judge to bring justice to criminal facts discretion and criminal judgment.